title: STEAM METHANE REFORMING

text:
STEAM METHANE REFORMING
Reliability of reformer outlet systems
The reliability of primary reformers is a key issue for syngas plants. In this article O. Chung, N. Goodman and C. Thomas of Quest Integrity describe the damage mechanisms and material limitations that impact the reliability of reformer outlet systems and the improvements that may be implemented.
The primary reformer in petrochemical plants is a critical asset that enables the conversion of hydrocarbons (e.g. natural gas or methane) into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (syngas). The main chemical reactions to generate syngas occur within a reformer furnace, which contains spun cast HP50 tubes filled with a catalyst. The main damage mechanism for these catalyst tubes is creep from internal pressure. Literature is available to describe the metallurgical changes that occur for HP50 catalyst tubes, the effect this has on HP50 creep properties and the life assessment methodology based on this understanding1,2.
Downstream of the reformer furnace is the hot collection system. This outlet system typically consists of the following equipment:
- outlet pigtails – small diameter tubing, known as pigtails due to their often convoluted geometry, is used to accommodate for thermal expansion between the large catalyst tubes and manifolds during start-up and shutdown;
A schematic showing an example of a hot collector system and materials of construction is shown in Fig. 1.
The hot collector system is equally as important as the catalyst tubes because the equipment operates at a sufficiently elevated temperature for creep to occur and complex stresses are generated during operation. Methods used to assess fitness for service and remaining life of high temperature components are well-established and are embodied in codes such as API 579-1/ ASME FFS-1 “Fitness-For-Service” (API 579)3. However, metallurgical factors such as in-service changes to the materials used for the hot collector equipment and other damage mechanisms not accounted for in the design of the hot collector system present additional aspects to incorporate into the assessment. There is a need to understand the useful remaining life of these components to ensure continued safe operation and reliability, especially for an aging plant.
This article discusses other damage mechanisms and metallurgical factors not accounted for in the design of reformer hot collector systems and the material limitations that affect a fitness for service assessment.
Outlet pigtails are predominantly fabricated from Alloy 800H, Alloy 800HT or their proprietary variants. The nominal material properties for Alloy 800, Alloy 800H and Alloy 800HT, as specified in ASTM B407, are summarised in Table 14. The outlet pigtails may also be dual specified as Alloy 800H/800HT due to the similarities in the nominal specifications.
Alloy 800 was developed from high value but scrap Nimonic (nickel-chromium) alloys with additions of aluminium and/or titanium and diluted with iron5 . The Nimonic alloy contained significant levels of aluminium and titanium, which effectively became contaminants in the resulting Alloy 800. Nonetheless, these elements are reported to generate benefits despite a drop in ductility between 650 °C and 750 °C6. The 800H and 800HT variants are modifications that offer improved material properties over Alloy 800. These are as follows6:
- 800H: a more restricted carbon concentration and grain size than Alloy 800. An average ASTM grain size specification of size 5 or coarser is specified. Introduced as a variant after improvements in the creep and rupture properties were obtained with higher-carbon versions of Alloy 800.
- 800HT: A subsequent variant with further restrictions on carbon, aluminium, and titanium concentrations. Further improvement of creep and rupture properties due to the higher carbon content and higher aluminium and titanium content to enable higher levels of precipitation in the relevant temperature range. An average ASTM grain size specification of size 5 or coarser is also specified.
Alloy 800 and its variants are solid solution alloys. The microstructure of these alloys consists of wrought equiaxed austenitic grains with annealing twins, see Fig. 2. Grain boundary and cuboidal orange/pink intragranular precipitates (e.g. Ti(C,N)) are also present in the microstructure.
Damage that occurs in outlet pigtails can be grouped as creep, creep fatigue, environmental attack and relaxation cracking7. The main damage mechanism for pigtails covered in design codes and standards such as API 5308 is creep. Classical creep damage accumulates in a pigtail as a change in diameter from internal pressure (i.e. hoop stress). Using standardised material properties, conservative design temperatures and pressures, a minimum wall thickness can be determined to obtain a nominal design life of 100,000 hours. In-service creep damage from hoop stress can be monitored by measurement of diametral expansion of the pigtail tube at nominally the hottest part of the outlet tube, see Fig. 3. An example of diametral expansion of pigtails due to creep was presented by M. J. Smillie et al9. For a case study presented, diametral expansions of up to 13% were measured on the pup-pieces welded to the end of the main pigtail tubes after seven years of service, whereas the pigtail tubes had significantly lower diametral expansions (e.g. 1.5% compared to 13% for the pup-piece expansion). The difference in diametral growth was attributed to a variation in grain size between the different pigtail tube sections examined even though both sections conformed to the specification.
Creep damage in the circumferential direction can also occur in pigtail tubes, where axial stresses are greater than hoop stress. Axial stresses can be from transient thermal stresses experienced during startup/shutdown, bending loads and/or other system loads. Additional factors from fabrication (e.g. ovality) may also contribute to locally higher axial stresses. Creep damage from axial stresses can be difficult to monitor between plant shutdowns and will likely involve on-line monitoring methods.
The extent of observed creep damage is affected by the grain size distribution within the pigtail tube’s microstructure. For Alloy 800H and Alloy 800HT, an average grain size of ASTM #5 or coarser is routinely specified. The material’s creep performance is dependent on the grain size distribution to achieve this specification and the relative uniformity of the grains. In particular, coarse-grained regions have better creep strength but have lower creep ductility (i.e. “creep brittle” behaviour) and are unable to deform without voiding and/or cracking. Fine-grained regions have better creep ductility and can deform with less voiding. An example of a mixed grain size distribution in an Alloy 800H/800HT pigtail cross section that meets the ASTM average grain size specification and the corresponding circumferential creep damage observed is shown in Fig. 4. This wide variation in grain size frequently leads to cracking either due to the poor ductility of coarse grains or the concentration of strain into fine grained zones. In addition to the requirement to maintain grain size coarser than ASTM grain size #5, it is recommended that there be a requirement to limit grain size variability.
The variation in grain size is best managed during fabrication. Grain growth response during heat treatment is strongly influenced by the extent of prior cold work. Cold bending will automatically generate variable degrees of cold work and hence variable response to subsequent solution annealing. Fabrication methodologies should be developed to minimise grain size variation.
The presence of creep voids and cracking can also provide a path for nitridation to occur in Alloy 800H and Alloy 800HT pigtails. Nitridation is the formation of nitrogen-rich precipitates and two main forms of nitrides are formed in Alloy 800H and Alloy 800HT materials, see Fig. 5:
- Titanium carbo-nitrides (Ti(C,N)), which are stable precipitates formed during fabrication.
- Aluminium nitrides (AlN), which are typically formed in-service and are generally fine, acicular needle-like precipitates near the external surface. The primary source of nitrogen for in-service pigtail tubes is from the external atmosphere.
The formation of nitride-rich acicular precipitates in-service have been observed around creep cracks and have contributed to pigtail failures7,9,10. Nitridation can reduce ductility and cause embrittlement, although it is acknowledged that published literature validating the effect of in-service nitridation on mechanical and creep properties of Alloy 800H and 800HT is very limited. The rate of formation is a function of the exposure of the pigtail material to air at elevated temperatures. An initial model of the kinetics that enable nitridation to occur in-service for Alloy 800H has been provided by Young et al11.
Stress relaxation cracking can occur in Alloy 800H and Alloy 800HT at temperatures between 500°C and 750°C due to grain boundary strain7. This is generally associated with thick-walled components but can also occur in pigtails. This damage is observed as an intergranular crack morphology with a Fe-Ni rich layer sandwiched between chromium/oxide layers (see Fig. 6). Susceptibility to stress relaxation cracking is also increased for outlet pigtail tubes due to the use of Inconel 617 weld filler material. This filler material has relatively better creep properties than Alloy 800H/ Alloy 800HT and therefore result in a mismatch in material performance as observed by a band of creep voids near the weld fusion line in the parent material (see Fig. 7). The risk of stress relaxation cracking can be reduced by using a matching filler material. In addition, procurement of material in a thermally stabilised condition and heat treatment and stress relieving/post-weld heat treatment of welds and cold-worked sections can further reduce risk. For Alloy 800H, the risk of in-service cracking can be further reduced by using a base metal and weld filler material with a combined aluminium and titanium content less than 0.7%.
Manifolds and bull-tees
By far the most common material of construction for steam reformer outlet manifolds and bull-tees is CT15C as described in ASME SA-351/SA-351M12. (SA-351/351M is identical to ASTM specification A351/A351M). It is marketed by a range of suppliers typically using their own proprietary trade designations. This alloy was developed as a cast version of Alloy 800H/ Alloy 800HT and followed catalyst tube developments in being further strengthened by the addition of niobium.
The material is often considered to be a cast version of Alloy 800 and its variants based on its similarity in chemical composition. The adoption of a cast variant saw the use of similar levels of the prime alloying elements, chromium and nickel. Titanium and aluminium were not used in the cast variant. However, in parallel with the development of spun cast reformer tube alloys involving alloying with small amounts of niobium, CT15C similarly was alloyed with approximately 1% of niobium to improve creep properties by encouraging the formation of a fine distribution of niobium carbide particles. The similarities in the compositions of CT15C and Alloy 800HT, as listed in Table 2, are obvious.
Given this improvement in strength and the lower cost of manufacture of the cast material, the benefits of CT15C are clear. This alloy however is not without its problems. Even after relatively short periods in service, routine inspection at scheduled plant outages frequently leads to the discovery of cracking at the weldments connecting the main manifold arms to the bull-tee (see Fig. 9).
Fig. 9 shows a typical bull-tee, and the cracking that may occur. Such cracking has been attributed to bending of the manifold arms relative to the bull-tee13,15. Under such circumstances, the weldments act as a fulcrum point concentrating bending loads at the bull-tee to manifold arm welds. The external bending loads leading to this damage are due to thermal movement of the system caused by both start up and shut down cycles and day to day temperature variations.
This cracking has led to a need to ensure fitness for service or repair. Both of these options are potentially problematic. Fitness for service using codes such as API 5793 requires knowledge of material properties including creep strength, creep crack growth rate and fracture toughness. These data are not readily available for alloy CT15C. Furthermore, experience has shown that ex-service material properties of CT15C may vary significantly from those provided to enable initial design. Fig. 10 shows creep and toughness data obtained following laboratory testing of ex-service manifold material from an ammonia plant that had operated at 760°C. Testing of this material revealed that the creep properties had degraded significantly and the material toughness was extremely low14. Subsequent experience has shown that the material properties shown in Fig. 10 were at the extreme low end of the range, highlighting the uncertainty associated with selecting data for use in fitness for service assessments.
Repair of cracking has shown itself to be equally problematic. Information regarding repair of manifolds is available in API 942-A16. The difficulty lies in the low temperature toughness experienced in ex-service CT15C (Fig. 10) with Charpy impact energies below 10 joules. This has led to serious welding problems. Repair welds typically result in further cracking. The data in Fig. 10 shows that some toughness can be restored by solution annealing, which demonstrates that solution annealing can restore weldability. This is not trivial requiring temperatures in excess of 1,100°C.
Given the significant impact of G-phase in modifying toughness and possibly creep properties by the absorption of niobium and the resulting uncertainty around the resulting material properties, it is suggested that alloying with niobium could be usefully avoided. A niobium-free alloy would in principle at least, not embrittle in service due to G-phase. Alloying with niobium has become standard due to the improvement it offers in creep strength as measured on as-cast material. Manifolds are not restricted to a particular thickness and adequate strength while using a niobium free alloy could be obtained by design. It is significant that failure due to pressure generated creep damage is not unknown but is very rare compared to cracking at bull-tee to manifold welds. Creep data for a niobium-free material has not been found. Nor has information relating to embrittlement processes in such an alloy. Nonetheless, it is considered that the improvement in embrittlement resistance and the variability of ex-service properties may offset the reduction of initial creep strength.
The choice of weld consumable may also affect the performance of these welds. A description of the weld consumables that are used in manifold welds is provided in API Technical Report 942-A16. Inconel 82 has been used extensively in the past. This weld metal has relatively low creep strength and creep failures within the weld metal have seen a migration to the high strength alloys such as 617. Inconel 617 has significantly higher creep strength than the parent CT15C material. The consequence of this appears to be relaxation of weld residual stress concentrated into a narrow zone of parent material adjacent to the weld fusion line. Inconel 617 has the potential to lead to a form of stress relaxation cracking that will exacerbate damage from any bending loads caused by thermal movement of the manifold. This damage is also noted for outlet pigtail joints, as described above. While the objective of using a high strength weld metal would appear to have merit, it is considered more beneficial to use a weld consumable of matching strength to the parent material thereby more evenly distributing welding residual stress.
The choice of material of fabrication for both pigtails and manifolds has become firmly entrenched. In the case of pigtails, Alloy 800H and/or 800HT and in the case of manifolds and bull-tees CT15C and its proprietary variants are dominant choices of material. Both alloys have performed well in their respective roles but each has its own unique problems.
In the case of Alloy 800H/Alloy 800HT and its application in outlet pigtails, the aluminium and titanium content has led to long term nitridation damage, ductility drop issues and consequently an increased risk of stress relaxation cracking. Given the spurious origin of these alloying elements in Alloy 800 and its subsequent variants, alternative alloys are considered worthy of consideration. This includes Alloy 330, which is effectively Alloy 800 without the aluminium and titanium additions and hence may avoid some of the deleterious aging characteristics. It is normally used for high temperature corrosion resistance. However, its creep properties without the benefit of grain size control are similar to those of the basic Alloy 800 (Fig. 11)5. If similarly processed to generate a coarse grain size, similar or superior creep properties are likely to be obtained.
Control of grain size in Alloy 800H and 800HT is of prime importance in order to obtain the expected properties. This is normally managed by specifying grain size to ASTM grain size #5 or coarser. This limitation has been found to be oversimplified given that grain size variation within this range can lead to low ductility cracking issues. This grain size variability is mainly caused by fabrication methods since the grain growth during heat treatment is strongly affected by the degree of cold work prior to the solution anneal heat treatment. It is considered that fabrication approaches need to be modified to control this affect. An example would be to hot bend pigtails, in addition to quality checks of the product during fabrication.
In the case of manifold materials, the use of CT15C as the material of choice has merit due to its good creep performance. However, its propensity to aging leading to variable material properties and embrittlement has led to problems. The prime reason for this is believed to be the formation of G-phase in service. It absorbs niobium removing it from its prime role of improving creep strength and leads to low temperature embrittlement leading to weld repair difficulties. Eliminating the source of G-phase i.e. niobium would likely require compensation by design to increase wall thickness but has the potential to at least reduce in service degradation of material properties.
Choice of weld metal is also important. Inconel 617 has found favour to counteract creep failures encountered in weaker weld metal. It is suggested however that stronger is not necessarily better and results in high residual stress and consequential relaxation cracking in the adjacent parent metal. It is considered that a matching weld metal is more likely to provide long time reliable performance.
The materials issues highlighted here have their roots in attempts to improve high temperature performance by alloying i.e., aluminium and titanium in Alloy 800(H/HT) and niobium in alloy CT15C. These alloying additions however result in long term instability of material properties. In selecting alloys for stability, unless absolutely necessary to maximise strength, keeping the material as simple as possible would appear to have merit.


tier: polar

shelf: software-docs

title: Pyspark native plotting

text:
We’re thrilled to introduce native plotting in PySpark with Databricks Runtime 17.0 (release notes), an exciting leap forward for data visualization. No more jumping between tools just to visualize your data; now, you can create beautiful, intuitive plots directly from your PySpark DataFrames. It’s fast, seamless, and built right in. This long-awaited feature makes exploring your data easier and more powerful than ever.
Working with big data in PySpark has always been powerful, especially when it comes to transforming and analyzing large-scale datasets. While PySpark DataFrames are built for scale and performance, users previously needed to convert them into Pandas API on Apache Spark™ DataFrames to generate plots. But this extra step made visualization workflows more complicated than they needed to be. The difference in structure between PySpark and pandas-style DataFrames often led to friction, slowing down the process of exploring data visually.
Here’s an example of using PySpark Plotting to analyze Sales, Profit, and Profit Margins across various product categories.
We start with a DataFrame containing sales and profit data for different product categories, as shown below:
Our goal is to visualize the relationship between Sales and Profit, while also incorporating Profit Margin as an additional visual dimension to make the analysis more meaningful. Here is the code to create the plot:
Note that “fig” is of type “plotly.graph_objs._figure.Figure”. We can enhance its appearance by updating the layout using existing Plotly functionalities. The adjusted figure looks like this:
From the figure, we can observe clear relationships between sales and profits across different categories. For instance, Electronics shows high sales and profits with a relatively moderate profit margin, indicating strong revenue generation but room for improved efficiency.
The user interacts with PySpark Plotting by calling the plot property on a PySpark DataFrame and specifying the desired type of plot either as a submethod or by setting the “kind” parameter. For instance:
This design aligns with the interfaces of Pandas API on Apache Spark and native pandas, providing a consistent and intuitive experience for users already familiar with pandas plotting.
PySpark Plotting supports a variety of common chart types, such as line, bar (including horizontal), area, scatter, pie, box, histogram, and density/KDE plots. This enables users to visualize trends, distributions, comparisons, and relationships directly from PySpark DataFrames.
The feature is powered by Plotly (version 4.8 or later) as the default visualization backend, offering rich, interactive plotting capabilities, while native pandas is used internally to process data for most plots.
Depending on the plot type, data processing in PySpark Plotting is handled through one of three strategies:
This approach respects the Pandas API on Apache Spark plotting strategies for each plot type, with additional performance improvements:
PySpark Native Plotting bridges the gap between PySpark and intuitive data visualization. This feature empowers PySpark users to create high-quality plots directly from their PySpark DataFrames, making data analysis faster and more accessible than ever. Feel free to try out this feature on Databricks Runtime 17.0 to enhance your data visualization experience!
Ready to explore more? Check out the PySpark API documentation for detailed guides and examples.


tier: cub

shelf: health

title: ★★★★★Anna PAmazing service by Natalia

text:
★★★★★Anna PAmazing service by Natalia
Natalia did facial for myself and special acne treatment for my daughter. Natalia is a professional who understands the needs of the clients. She talked to my daughter and myself first finding out about daily facial routine as well as the diet. She offers treatment gently pointing to the one that could be the best for the skin type. I was impressed by the clean office, change of gloves, sterile technique and smile on Natalia’s face.
After the treatment the skin feels superb and looks refreshed. Face massage smoothers the skin lines and the skin looks younger.
Acne treatment gives a bit of redness right after, but next morning the face looks refreshed and moisturised.
The choice of products is exactly what one needs and it is catered to different issues and needs.
Natalia is easy going and very accommodating.
Thank you Natalia and we will be back.Canada
★★★★★CatincaI cannot say enough good things about Natalie. She is truly wonderful and incredibly professional. Every visit with her is more than just a routine appointment; it's a holistic experience that nourishes both your exterior and interior well-being!
★★★★★FlorisI was able to test out the pressotherapy free of charge. I'm experienced with massages but trying out the type of therapy was different in a great way. The sensasion of pressure and release in different combinations really gives the sensation of an itnernal flush. Every release creates more movement within te blood vessels and the lymphatic system, and you feel this. At the same time it's very relaxing and a great way to step out of the rush of the day. Would recommend!
★★★★★SaskiaZoveel meer dan een massage, dit is therapie voor lichaam en geest. Geen standaard behandeling, Natalia neemt echt de tijd om te luisteren naar wat jij op dat moment nodig hebt en geeft precies dat. Na de massage een veel lichter gevoel, ontspannen en meer in connectie met mezelf. Geen 5 maar 10 sterren waard!
★★★★★GiorgiaFrom an expat, this beauty salon is really one of the best experiences in Amsterdam. The treatment was overall beautiful and relaxing. Natalia evaluates natural beauty and was very attentive and informative about my skin. I will definitely come back and I can recommend this salon to anyone who is looking for a luxury natural look.


shelf: finance

title: Selling a home

text:
This Week's Featured Listings...
No… You Do Not Need 20% Down to Buy NOW! The Aspiring Home Buyers Profile from the National Association of Realtors (NAR) found that the American public is still somewhat confused about what is required to qualify for a home mortgage loan in today’s housing market. The results of the survey show that non-homeowners cite the main reason for.
The Mortgage Process: What You Need to Know [INFOGRAPHIC] Some Highlights: Many buyers are purchasing a home with a down payment as little as 3%. You may already qualify for a loan, even if you don’t have perfect credit. Take advantage of the knowledge of your local professionals who are there to help you determine how.
The Truth About Homeowner Equity A recent article from a reputable news source was titled: Here’s why some homeowners still can’t sell. In the opening bullets of the article, the author claimed, “Negative equity is one of the main reasons why there are so few homes for sale.” The article then goes on to soften that stance but.
A Tale of Two Markets: A 6-Month Update Six months ago, we reported that the mismatch between the type of inventory of homes for sale and the demand of buyers in the US was causing the formation of two markets. In the starter and trade-up home categories, there were significantly more buyers than there were homes for.
You Don’t Want to Hear This from Your Listing Agent You’ve decided to sell your house. You begin to interview potential real estate agents to help you through the process. You need someone you trust enough to: Set the market value on possibly the largest asset your family owns (your home) Set the time schedule.
Which Homes Have Increased in Value the Most? Home values have risen dramatically over the last twelve months. The latest Existing Home Sales Report from the National Association of Realtors puts the annual increase in the median existing-home price at 5.6%. CoreLogic, in their most recent Home Price Index Report, revealed that national home prices have increased by 6.7% year-over-year. CoreLogic broke appreciation down.
Should I Buy a Home Now? Or Wait Until Next Year? [INFOGRAPHIC] Some Highlights: The Cost of Waiting to Buy is defined as the additional funds it would take to buy a home if prices & interest rates were to increase over a period of time. Freddie Mac predicts interest rates to rise to 4.4% by next.
What to Look for in Your Real Estate Team How do you select the members of your team who are going to help you make your dream of owning a home a reality? What should you be looking for? How do you know if you’ve found the right agent or lender? The most important characteristic.
More Than Half of All Buyers Are Surprised by Closing Costs According to a survey conducted by ClosingCorp, over half of all homebuyers are surprised by the closing costs required to obtain their mortgage. After surveying 1,000 first-time and repeat homebuyers, the results revealed that 17% of homebuyers were surprised that closing costs were required at all, while another.
How to Get the Most Money from the Sale of Your Home Every homeowner wants to make sure they maximize their financial reward when selling their home. But how do you guarantee that you receive maximum value for your house? Here are two keys to ensure that you get the highest price possible. 1. Price.


shelf: education

title: Geschlechterunterschiede im bildungskontext wie lehrkraefte und schulen sie abbauen koennen

text:
Do boys have more interest in mathematics? Are girls more motivated when it comes to reading? Studies show that depending on gender, pupils display differences in interest, motivation and career plans. Why does this occur? And how can teachers and schools encourage students to reach their full potential, regardless of gender? This is what Kaley Lesperance and Prof. Doris Holzberger, together with a team of researchers, have addressed in their latest study on gender differences in educational contexts.
Previous research shows that girls in particular are still disadvantaged in STEM subjects. However, as far as intervention measures in STEM subjects that promote motivation and interest are concerned, girls also seem to be the bigger winners. The evaluated data indicates that especially the disadvantaged gender may benefit in the respective subject. "With our research results, we hope to open doors for teachers and schools to develop strategies for teaching that contribute to reducing gender differences," says Kaley Lesperance, who was primarily in charge of the study.
It also seems that taking action at an early age pays off: If teachers encourage younger children to question gender stereotypes, this can have a particularly positive effect on their motivation and interest. In general, any measures taken will have an effect on students of any age – and of any gender. Children and teenagers also ascribe a higher value to a subject if they know how useful the things they have learnt will be for their later lives. This is where measures in the classroom can have an impact.
For teachers and schools, this means that it is worthwhile to always keep gender disadvantages in mind. As our study shows, teachers can encourage students to question stereotypical role attributions. It can be a fundamental component for opening the door to different career paths for all children and teenagers, irrespective of their gender. And in the end, the whole class benefits from measures to increase motivation and interest.


shelf: home-craft

title: Bec, Ade & Fred

text:
Bec, Ade & Fred
Together we are The Church Farm Craft Company, a team of two middle aged humans with eclectic and varied career paths who've found their calling at the distillery on Church Farm and a very friendly and occasionally smelly Cockapoo, called Fred, who joins us in our exploits and endevours.
Bec is the multi talented engine room of the business, she is the distiller, forager and candle maker. Ade is the creative force and business head, he founded the business and has created all of the brands, artwork, designs and continues to spill out ideas, some good and some, not so good.
The pottery is a shared passion, Ade does most of the clay andwork and Bec loves to glaze. Hand labelling and hand finishing of all the products is a shared job, as is delivering all the lovingly crafted products out to all the lovely customers in their tired but willing 15 year old Land Rover.
It's not work if you love it, thats true, this is our passion.
We have a great relationship with the Chatsworth Estate which we've nurtured and grown over the past five years. We produce some of their most popular products, including the Kitchen Garden Spirit estate, hand crafted spirit expressions made using the produce grown on the estate. We also make the entire Chatsworth Hand Poured Soy Candle range, fragrance diffusers and room sprays which form a key part of their best selling Home & Lifestyle range.
We work with a select few clients in developing and producing bespoke products for their brands and projects. Notably we've worked with the DJ and TV presenter Shaun Keaveny and TV Chef and Restauranteur Mark Aisthorpe.
If you have an extra special project that you'd wish us to work on, then please get in touch, we do very few projects each year, but those we work on we give our all to and the results match the commitment we put in.
Picture - Bec, Lady Burlington and Ade.
The Church Farm Craft Company Limited
Unit 5 & 6, The Shippen Rural Business Centre, Church Farm, Hackney Lane, Barlow. S187TR
VAT Reg GB324945980 Company No 11954999 AWRS No XBAW 000 0011 2933
Reap and Sow, Derbyshire Pudding and Hedka are class 33 registered trademarks of The Church Farm Craft Company Limited.


shelf: history-culture

title: Whose job is it anyway

text:
My reaction had always been to reject the invitation. After the long wait times of modern air travel, why should I give up my seat on a flight and take a later one? Apparently, most people share my opinion because whenever an airline call for volunteers because of an overbooked flight, there is no mad rush to do so—even with financial inducement. We do not like to volunteer. Somebody else can do it.
I first came across Charles Osgood’s poem, *Whose Job Is It, Anyway? in my late teens and it is as applicable now as it was then. Here’s the condensed version,
This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
If this story reminds you of what happens in your church, you are not alone. Even in large congregations, it’s often a struggle to fill all the positions. Smaller congregations often fare worse. Sure the job needs to be done, but let someone else do it.
I wonder if our reluctance to volunteer reflects a misunderstanding of what it means to be part of the Body of Christ. When Jesus told the parable of the ten coins (Luke 19), it seems that He has the expectation that all His followers will participate in enlarging the kingdom. The anger expressed towards the third servant who hadn’t invested the coin and increased the king’s wealth highlights the importance Jesus gives to each believer’s participation.
In I Corinthians 12, Paul compares spiritual gifts to the body. Each part contributes to the optimum functioning of the body. Since every believer is given a gift, it is expected that we must use it for the church to effectively grow God’s kingdom. We cannot say we belong to the body if we are only bystanders.
Yes, it’s pretty comfortable to stay home on a cold day and view a favourite YouTube worship but is that putting His gift to use if we don’t do anything to grow God’s kingdom? It’s wonderful to be out on a Sabbath and enjoy the fellowship of believers in worship but unless we are doing something to help the church in its mission, we’re not using the gift.
I really don’t think we want to leave the growth of God’s kingdom to Anybody, thinking Somebody will do it. If we’re not doing it, Nobody will end up doing it.


shelf: civic-law

text:
Gottheimer Introduces Amendment to Prohibit Federal Funding for Expensive, Obtrusive Rockwall on I-80 in Warren County
U.S. Congressman Josh Gottheimer (NJ-5) has introduced an amendment to prohibit any federal funding from being used to build the proposed rockwall along I-80 in Knowlton and Hardwick Townships in Warren County, NJ.
Gottheimer’s amendment has been introduced to the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development Appropriations Act.
Against the objections of many local officials and residents, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) is currently planning to use federal funds to build an expensive and obtrusive sixty-foot-high wall in Warren County, directly abutting the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.
“I share the same goals of our local Warren County community: keeping roads safe for residents and tourists, supporting our local economy, and helping strengthen infrastructure and improve navigability. To me, federal investment should prioritize solutions that are cost-effective, and that would benefit safety and eco-tourism in the region,” said Congressman Josh Gottheimer (NJ-5). “The local economy relies heavily on tourism to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, which attracts visitors because of its unparalleled beauty and natural vistas. Building an obstructive and unsightly artificial wall will diminish the attractiveness of the area to tourists and wreak havoc on the economy. We need to focus on practical solutions, like the ones I’ve fought for and helped achieve — including lowering the speed limit on the S-curve and placing flashing warning signs for oncoming motorists.”
Gottheimer has worked closely with local residents, community groups, and elected officials — like Knowlton Mayor Adele Starrs, Hardwick Mayor Kevin Duffy, and Hardwick Deputy Mayor Alfred Carrazzone, and many others — to address issues with the proposed rockwall.
Gottheimer has previously worked with local elected officials and community groups to communicate with NJDOT the importance of more signs and lower speed limits along this stretch of I-80. Earlier this year, NJDOT installed fifteen new yellow arrow signs, new arrow signs on a previously-unmarked curve, and a new 50 MPH sign closer to the start of the curved stretch.


shelf: science-engineering

title: Difference between solar cell and solar panel

text:
A solar cell is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Common solar cells include amorphous silicon solar cells and crystalline silicon solar cells. Among them, crystalline silicon solar cells are further divided into monocrystalline silicon solar cells and polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
A solar panel is an assembly in which several solar cells are assembled on one board in a certain way. Solar panels are used to convert sunlight into electricity that can be used to power electrical loads.
The working voltage of the solar cell is about 0.5V, and generally it cannot be used as a power source alone. After the solar cell is encapsulated in series and parallel, it becomes a solar panel, and its power is generally from several watts to tens of watts, which can be used alone as a power source. According to the different needs of customers, solar panels can be customized to make specific voltage and power.
According to the different encapsulation methods, solar panels can be divided into glass laminated solar panels and ETFE laminated solar panels. The structure of tempered glass solar panel is: tempered glass, EVA, solar cell, EVA, back sheet. The structure of ETFE solar panel is: ETFE film, EVA, solar cell, PCB.
Tempered glass solar panels are characterized by their robustness and longevity, allowing them to be used in harsh environments. ETFE solar panels are thin and light, and their service life is usually 5-7 years.
According to the type of solar cells, solar panels can be divided into amorphous silicon solar panels and crystalline silicon solar panels. Among them, crystalline silicon solar panels are further divided into monocrystalline silicon solar panels and polycrystalline silicon solar panels.
The conversion efficiency of amorphous silicon solar panels is low, only about 7%-10%, while the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar panels can reach about 20% or more.


title: Stack convention

text:
The stack conventions used by MicroBlaze are detailed in the following table.
The shaded area in the following table denotes a part of the stack frame for a caller function, while the unshaded area indicates the callee frame function. The ABI conventions of the stack frame define the protocol for passing parameters, preserving non-volatile register values, and allocating space for the local variables in a function.
Functions that contain calls to other subroutines are called as non-leaf functions. These non-leaf functions have to create a new stack frame area for its own use. When the program starts executing, the stack pointer has the maximum value. As functions are called, the stack pointer is decremented by the number of words required by every function for its stack frame. The stack pointer of a caller function always has a higher value as compared to the callee function.
High Address | |
for called sub-routine (Arg n .. Arg1) (Optional: Maximum number of arguments required for any called procedure from the current procedure). |
Old Stack Pointer | Link Register (R15) |
Callee Saved Register (R31....R19) (Optional: Only those registers which are used by the current procedure are saved) |
Local Variables for Current Procedure (Optional: Present only if Locals defined in the procedure) |
Functional Parameters (Arg n .. Arg 1) (Optional: Maximum number of arguments required for any called procedure from the current procedure) |
New Stack Pointer | Link Register |
Low Address |
Consider an example where Func1 calls Func2, which in turn calls Func3. The stack representation at different instances is depicted in the following figure. After the call from Func 1 to Func 2, the value of the stack pointer (SP) is decremented. This value of SP is again decremented to accommodate the stack frame for Func3. On return from Func 3 the value of the stack pointer is increased to its original value in the function, Func 2.
Details of how the stack is maintained are shown in the following figure.
Stack protection is available to ensure that the stack does not grow above the high limit or shrink below the low limit. The Stack High Register (SHR) and Stack Low Register (SLR) are used to enforce this, respectively. These registers are automatically initialized to the stack limits from linker symbols by the crt0.o initialization file.
Enabling stack protection in hardware can be useful to detect erroneous program behavior due to stack size issues, which can otherwise be very hard to debug.


title: Deep excision surgery for endometriosis a comprehensive guide

text:
Are you struggling with endometriosis and looking for effective treatment options? Look no further! DrSeckin.com is the ultimate destination for individuals seeking high-quality care in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Our team of expert doctors specializes in deep excision surgery for endometriosis, providing comprehensive solutions to patients struggling with this condition.
Endometriosis is a common medical condition where the tissue lining the uterus, known as the endometrium, starts growing outside the uterus. This leads to the formation of painful lesions and adhesions in various parts of the body, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. While endometriosis can cause severe pain and fertility issues, the right treatment approach can greatly improve the quality of life for those affected.
The Power of Deep Excision Surgery
Deep excision surgery for endometriosis is a highly effective treatment method, known for its ability to alleviate pain and improve fertility outcomes. Unlike traditional approaches that only remove superficial lesions, deep excision surgery involves the complete removal of endometriosis, including deeply infiltrating lesions. This thorough approach significantly reduces the chances of recurrence and provides long-term relief for patients.
At DrSeckin.com, our team of highly skilled doctors have years of experience performing deep excision surgery for endometriosis. We understand the complex nature of this condition and utilize advanced surgical techniques to provide optimal outcomes. Our commitment to staying up-to-date with the latest research and technology allows us to deliver the highest standard of care to our patients.
Benefits of Deep Excision Surgery
1. Pain Relief: Deep excision surgery effectively removes the endometriotic lesions responsible for causing severe pain. By eliminating the source of discomfort, patients can experience significant relief and enjoy a better quality of life.
2. Improved Fertility: Endometriosis can often lead to fertility issues. Deep excision surgery aims to remove endometriotic tissue from reproductive organs, improving the chances of conception and increasing the success rate of assisted reproductive techniques.
3. Reduced Risk of Recurrence: The thorough removal of lesions during deep excision surgery significantly reduces the risk of endometriosis returning compared to other treatment methods. This ensures long-term relief for patients.
4. Preservation of Healthy Tissue: One of the key advantages of deep excision surgery is the preservation of healthy tissue. By exclusively removing the affected areas, our doctors prioritize the preservation of reproductive organs, promoting better overall health and well-being for our patients.
Expert Doctors in Obstetrics and Gynecology
At DrSeckin.com, we take pride in having a team of expert doctors specializing in obstetrics and gynecology. Our dedicated professionals have undergone extensive training, equipped with the knowledge and expertise required to tackle complex cases of endometriosis.
When you choose DrSeckin.com, you can trust that you are in the hands of compassionate and skilled doctors who prioritize patient care. We understand the impact that endometriosis can have on physical and emotional well-being, which is why we are committed to providing personalized treatment plans tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient.
If you are looking for effective and comprehensive treatment for endometriosis, deep excision surgery is the answer. DrSeckin.com offers a leading-edge approach to managing endometriosis, with expert doctors specializing in obstetrics and gynecology. Our high-end copywriting and SEO expertise ensure that you have access to valuable and informative content to help you make an informed decision about your health.
Contact DrSeckin.com today to schedule a consultation and embark on your journey towards a pain-free life.


title: Shipping infos

text:
ATTENTION: Customers will be informed about delivery times, delivery restrictions, shipping (e.g. restriction of deliveries to certain countries, stock, shipping provider) separately by the seller. NAUTEC is a small manufactory. Our high quality faucets are manufactured by us in precise handwork and in small quantities. Due to high demand, there may be delays in delivery.
For deliveries outside the EU, the shipping costs may vary depending on the destination and will be communicated to you via order confirmation. Please make your payment only after you have received an order confirmation stating the shipping costs (prices excl. VAT).
For orders within the EU and Germany (prices incl. VAT).
Shipping costs within Germany (with TNT):
The flat-rate shipping costs throughout Germany (prices incl. VAT) from 10.00 € (depending on weight).
Shipping costs European Union (with FedEx):
For deliveries within the EU, the shipping costs may vary depending on the destination.
Shipping costs other countries (with FedEx):
For deliveries outside the EU, the shipping costs can vary depending on the destination and will be communicated to you by order confirmation.
Special notes on shipping to foreign countries:
Deliveries to foreign countries may be subject to customs duties, taxes and fees which are not included in the displayed total price.
Countries to which we ship:
Germany, EU countries and worldwide
Stripe (credit card)
We deliver against advance payment plus the current shipping costs stated on the order carriers. The ordered products will be delivered in suitable packaging. All our prices include the legal value added tax of currently 19%.


title: About rbu

text:
Hiralal Bhakat College is located in the Rampurhat sub-division of the district of Birbhum in West Bengal. Situated in a backward area, it is a co-education college affiliated to the University of Burdwan. The College has 1.4 acres (5666 square meters) of land and is geographically located in a semi-urban rural area. Situated by the Panagarh-Morgram Expressway, this college is well-connected with the capital and other important places of West Bengal. The College received recognition from the University Grants Commission (UGC) under 2(f) as Hiralal Bhakat College on18th October 1993.
It is without doubt that the goals and objectives of such a college located in a rural and backward area would always be society dependant and case specific. The college started and proceeds with the simple goal of making people conscious, of producing graduated out of first generation learners, of churning out responsible and conscientious citizens for the nation, and of constructing outputs who would be able to control their own destiny and livelihood with their own efforts. Hence, the objectives of the college are to provide the students with education which does not cost much and with minimum facilities under one roof so as to enable them to prosper in their lives and be instrumental in the uplift in the real sense of the term. The same are made known to the students from time to time through the college prospectus as well as college magazines and through interactions with the faculty and staff of the college.
Message from the Desk of the Principal :
Hiralal Bhakat College,Nalhati, Birbhum primarily intends to nurture the shelved potential in students providing an ideal platform for them to channelize their creative outbursts and lend expression to their thoughts and views on various aspects in serene manner.
In spite of being situated in an underdeveloped rural set up and having a lion’s share of 1st generation learners as stakeholders we have been successfully selected as one of the four colleges selected by RUSA eligible for being upgraded as a Model Degree College.
Our Institution believes that the purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows, and as such are focused not only on pure studies but also on providing opportunity to each student to explore his or her own capabilities and their area of interest - curricular, co-curricular or extra-curricular. We aim to develop soft skills that will equip them to manage and lead the varied opportunities and challenges of the society with an added edge.
Our teachers are earnestly involved in upgrading the marketability of the academic achievements of our students. They at the same time are persistently engaged in research and publication related activities. This process of inclusive academic growth is the actual USP of our Institution.
The constant growth in information and communication related technologies in the recent past has brought about remarkable changes in various aspects of human life and led to the creation of a knowledge based society where knowledge is the most powerful tool for success. In the context, of being familiar to the latest technical advances in various fields has become an extreme need of the hour. Hence, apart from delivering excellent academic content and development of skills through practical experiences, the students are encouraged to develop interpersonal skills through interaction with knowledgeable resource persons and this entire process is made possible with the diligent involvements of the Non Teaching Staff of our college. They do always attempt to facilitate the process of academic excellence.
We believe that complete development of a student into a holistic person requires active participation of the parents too. Thus our institution is an inclusive holistic body of College Administration, Teachers, Non Teaching Staff, Students and Parents. We believe in team work and we hope for a bright future brought forward by our cumulative efforts.
( Dr.NURUL ISLAM )
Hiralal Bhakat College


title: Welcome to Cranage Plant Hire

text:
Welcome to Cranage Plant Hire
We are a local family business specialising in Mini Diggers and dumper hire for the towns of Holmes Chapel, Middlewich, Northwich, Sandbach, Congleton, Knutsford, Macclesfield, Alderley Edge, Wilmslow and the wider Cheshire area.
Why hire with us
"The machines I use are a reflection on my business and I regularly hire machines from Cranage Plant Hire as they are well maintained and in good condition, this is combined with a helpful and flexible service that I can rely on."
Eddie - EW Contracts |
Mini Digger JCB 8014 CTS from £80
Micro Digger JCB 8008 CTS from £80
Mini Excavator JCB 8026 CTS from £100
Dumper JCB HDT5 from £70
Terex 1T High Tip Site Dumper from £80
Special OffersAreas we coverWhat our customers "say"“We recently hired the Micro/Dumpster combination from Cranage Plant Hire and found both to be very nice well maintained machines.
They helped us choose the right equipment for the job and service was professional and pleasant . I would certainly recommend them and will be using them again in the near future” Mark - MRM Construction "Excellent Local Plant Hire Service!
Last year I was left with a great number of trees stumps as a result of wind decimating my wooded area. After searching for a reputable company to hire a mini digger I was pleasantly surprised to find local a provider on my door step! Cranage Plant Hire is a small family business and the service I received from Paul (the owner)l, I have to say was excellent. The equipment is first rate and just what I needed for this big job. Paul was happy to give any advice on how to use the equipment and also gave excellent flexible rates. I have since gone on to continue use of the digger and mini dumper as I am currently building an extension. Having such a well run provider right here in Cranage has been a god send. The fact that it is run by a truly honest gentleman is without doubt a pleasure, I can not recommend this company enough, I am certain anyone using them will appreciate the excellent level of service they provide." Anthony - Cranage Resident |


title: Bhutan tour

text:
Bhutan tour starts with a flight from Kathmandu to Paro witnessing the stunning views of the majestic Himalayas. This quiet and peaceful Buddhist land is situated in south Asia which has less exposure to the outer world attracts thousands of Tourists each year. The main assets of this Himalayan kingdom are Majestic Mountains, undisturbed green fields, dense forest with diverse range of flora and fauna, calm environment and crystal clear rivers.
During our tour we will drive through several hamlets discovering as well as experiencing a Bhutanese rural life, lifestyle of this local people and their culture. Distant farms and countryside houses are regarded as most beautiful in the entire Kingdom.
The sacred text and images, Paintings and wall mural in the monasteries and forts of Bhutan are regarded as the living History. An incredible journey into the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan involves a dramatic view of the Himalaya as you fly from Kathmandu to the tiny town of Paro. Nestled deep in the eastern Himalaya and unknown too much of the world, the kingdom attracts the travelers with its magnificent mountains, lush valleys, thick forests, a primitive lifestyle and traditions of the people.
During the tour we drive through several small villages experiencing an exceptional opportunity to see the Bhutanese rural life. Isolated farms and countryside houses are considered to be among the most beautiful in the country. Bhutan’s monastery-forts are incredible repositories of sacred texts and images, paintings and wall mural.
Bhutan is the only Kingdom in the world that practices Vajrayana Buddhism as the ...


text:
Why SYNAXIOM Chose AWS SSO and Our Commitment to Zero Identity Storage
Enhancing Security and Privacy with AWS SSO
At SYNAXIOM, security and identity protection are paramount. As we continue to enhance our platforms—including the SYNAXIOM Support Ticket System, NIVOMAX Case Management System, and the Help Center—we’ve made the strategic decision to adopt Amazon Web Services (AWS) Single Sign-On (SSO) as our authentication system. Here’s why:
Enhanced Security Through Centralization
AWS SSO allows us to centralize authentication across all our systems. By consolidating identity management under AWS, we reduce the risks associated with multiple, disparate authentication methods. This centralization enables us to apply consistent security policies and protocols, ensuring that all user identities are protected by the same robust security measures, regardless of which SYNAXIOM service they are accessing.
Superior Identity Protection
Local authentication systems, while convenient, often leave organizations vulnerable to various security risks, including outdated encryption methods, inadequate access controls, and increased exposure to brute force attacks. With AWS SSO, user credentials are managed in a secure, cloud-based environment that benefits from continuous updates, threat intelligence, and best-in-class security practices. AWS’s proven infrastructure provides advanced protection against unauthorized access, with options for multi-factor authentication (MFA), fine-grained access controls, and automatic threat detection.
Reduced Risk of Data Leaks
One of the key reasons for choosing AWS SSO as our authentication system is its ability to abstract identity information from our systems. Instead of managing identity data locally—where it could be more vulnerable to breaches—AWS SSO abstracts this data into a secure environment. This approach significantly reduces the risk of identity-related data leaks, ensuring that sensitive user information remains protected.
Simplified User Experience
Beyond security, AWS SSO offers a streamlined and simplified login experience for our users. Whether accessing the Support Ticket System, Case Management System, or Help Center, users can log in with a single set of credentials, reducing the burden of managing multiple passwords and enhancing the overall user experience.
Protecting Identity Information on Our Public-Facing Sites
In addition to enhancing our internal security through AWS SSO, SYNAXIOM is committed to protecting the identity information of all users on our public-facing sites. We have implemented a policy where no personally identifiable information (PII) such as names, company names, or email addresses is stored or hosted on our public sites. This policy ensures that even in the unlikely event of a security breach, no information that could be used to identify an individual or organization is at risk.
Zero Identity Storage Policy
Our public-facing sites are designed to operate without retaining any identity-related data. This includes all identifiable information that could link back to a user, such as names, email addresses, or company affiliations. By not storing this data, we minimize the potential impact of any unauthorized access, further safeguarding our users’ privacy.
Focus on Privacy and Security
SYNAXIOM’s commitment to privacy extends beyond compliance; it’s about ensuring that our users feel confident and secure when using our services. By leveraging AWS SSO for authentication and maintaining a strict no-identity-storage policy on our public sites, we ensure that user privacy is not only respected but also actively protected.
By choosing Amazon Web Services SSO as our authentication system and implementing a no-identity-storage policy on our public sites, SYNAXIOM is taking significant steps to ensure the security and privacy of all users. This dual approach reflects our dedication to providing secure, reliable, and user-friendly platforms that prioritize the protection of personal and organizational information.


title: Mitosis and meiosis

text:
Mitosis and meiosis
Pretty much everything alive - from a humble bacteria, to a baby blue whale, has two main goals - to grow and to reproduce.
Our cells are no different. They grow and they reproduce.
But the reproduction part can be done in two distinct ways - mitosis, or meiosis.
Mitosis gives rise to daughter cells that are almost identical to the parent cell in terms of their genetic information.
Whereas in meiosis the daughter cells or gametes, sperm in males and eggs in females, get only half of the genetic information of the parent cell.
These gametes can then pair with completely different gametes to form a cell that’s quite different from the parent cell.
This newly formed cell can then do mitosis to form an entirely new organism.
Mitosis is one part of the cell cycle.
Most of the cell cycle is taken by interphase - which is usual cellular day-to-day activities, including growth, protein synthesis, making new organelles, and so on.
Interphase has three phases: G1, S and G2.
The first phase is called G1.
During G1, the cell gets bigger in preparation for cell division.
At this point the 46 chromosomes look like spaghetti and are called chromatin fibers.
Each chromatin fiber is made of a single copy of the genetic material - called a chromatid.
The second phase is the S phase.
During S phase, each chromatid is copied and pasted so there are still 46 chromosomes, but each chromosomes now has two sister chromatids.
The two chromatids are joined together in a region called the centromere - adding up to 92 chromatids total.
The third phase is G2.
During G2, the cell does some more growing before finally entering mitosis.
Some cells, like neurons, enter what’s called the G0 phase - where they basically continue to live but don’t divide.
But most cells do enter mitosis after G2, and mitosis can be divided into four distinct phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - and you can remember them as PMAT - a mat that you pee on.
At the beginning of prophase, the chromatin fibers condense, meaning that they start to untangle to form individual chromosomes.
Each chromosome starts mitosis with two sister chromatids.
During prophase, there are two organelles called centrosomes that are located opposite to one another just outside the nucleus.
So, if the nucleus is a “globe”, one centrosome is at the North Pole, while the other is at the South Pole.
Each centrosome has two centrioles, which are protein structures placed at right angles to each other, so they sort of look like a “+” sign.
Now, each centriole sends off spindle fibers made of microtubule proteins that stretch from the centriole out towards the centromeres on all of the chromosomes.
These spindle fibers help to gently position the chromosome towards the exact middle between the two centrosomes.
The next step in mitosis is metaphase, which has an early phase called prometaphase, and a late phase which is referred to as the actual “metaphase”.
During the prometaphase, the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus disintegrate.
Then during metaphase, the chromosomes neatly align on the midline of the cell - along what’s called the metaphase plate.
Throughout metaphase, spindle fibers continue to attach to a specific point on the centromere of each chromosome, called the kinetochore.
When a microtubule from each centrosome has connected to the kinetochore of each chromosome, anaphase begins.
During anaphase, the centrosomes start pulling on the spindle fibers to pull the sister chromatids apart - like a brief, but powerful game of tug of war.
Since both centrosomes pull with equal force in opposite directions, the sister chromatids get separated, and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
Finally, during telophase, a new nuclear envelope forms around each centrosome and the chromosomes - which, at this point, are made up of a single chromatid each.
So, for a brief moment, the cell has two nuclei.
Now - all throughout mitosis, the cell membrane gradually pinches in tighter and tighter, like an invisible belt, until it actually separates the cell into two daughter cells.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same genetic information as the parent cell. Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This occurs during gametogenesis, which is the formation of eggs and sperm.


title: Advanced Tools in Shared Hosting

text:
Advanced Tools in Shared Hosting
Our innovative tools are available with each and every shared hosting package that we offer you as all accounts are managed through the user-friendly Hepsia CP that the tools are part of. Even in the event that you have zero experience or coding skills, you shall be able to take advantage of various features. Hepsia shall supply you with access to an Outgoing Connections manager to control what remote servers your Internet sites connect to, an IP address Blocking tool to deny access to particular IPs or whole networks to your content, a Hotlink Protection instrument to stop others from embedding your images on their own websites, an .htaccess generator to generate a system file for a number of purposes, etcetera. You can even manage the php.ini file for your account through the one-click PHP Configuration manager. All of these instruments are very easy to use and you will be able to do anything you want through them with only a few mouse clicks using a very intuitive interface.
Advanced Tools in Semi-dedicated Hosting
Our semi-dedicated hosting solutions incorporate quite a few advanced tools as a part of the Hepsia Control Panel that is used to manage this type of hosting accounts. As Hepsia is quite user-friendly, you'll not require any special skills to make use of these instruments and it will take you a couple of clicks to protect any folder in the account with a password or simply block specific IP addresses from accessing your Internet sites, build a search engine friendly sitemap or forward any domain or subdomain to another site in your account or on an external server. We've also provided a very easy-to-use PHP configuration editor where you'll be able to edit many settings as to be able to meet the system requirements of any Internet program you'd like to to install and use. Last, but not least, the .htaccess generator shall allow you to use more complicated server directives for numerous purposes through drop-down menus.
Advanced Tools in VPS
The Hepsia Control Panel, which is among the choices for our virtual private server, was developed in-house and we've done our very best to make the administration of any site hosted on our end as basic as possible. That is why we have integrated a lot of tools that will permit you to manage advanced options in a simple way. You could effortlessly limit the access to your websites for particular IP addresses, redirect a site to another URL or protect it with a password, generate a sitemap for any site hosted on the server, and more. You could also manage the PHP configurations of the server and set up .htaccess files with simply several mouse clicks. Thus, you'll not need any prior experience to take full advantage of these tools and you will be able to handle your web server and the sites hosted on it better and easier.
Advanced Tools in Dedicated Hosting
We have included quite a lot of tools inside our Hepsia CP, so if you opt for it when you sign up for a dedicated server from our company, you'll receive additional control over your sites. The instruments have an incredibly user-friendly interface, so you will be able to take full advantage of them even in case you have virtually no experience in the web hosting field. Blocking out an IP, password-protecting a folder or forwarding one site to another are just a couple of of the things that you shall be able to do with just a couple of clicks. The sitemap generator tool will help you boost the search engine ranking of your Internet sites while the PHP configuration editor shall offer a simple way to modify numerous system settings in the event that you wish to run script programs with specific requirements. You'll even be able to generate .htaccess system files without any previous skills and take advantage of a number of options such as language forwarding, defining the home page of your websites or setting up customized error pages.


title: Hormone Replacement Therapy for Men

text:
Hormone Replacement Therapy for Men
Support & Revitalize
At Face Lab Aesthetics, we offer Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT) for men experiencing symptoms of hormonal imbalance. Hormones play a vital role in energy levels, metabolism, mood, and sexual health. When testosterone and other key hormones decline or become imbalanced, it can lead to frustrating and sometimes debilitating symptoms. Our clinic in Villa Hills, KY provides customized hormone therapy to help men regain control of their health and feel like themselves again.
Signs of Hormonal Imbalance in Men
Men with hormone imbalance often experience symptoms such as low energy, poor sleep, weight gain, brain fog, mood swings, reduced muscle mass, and low libido. Sexual health may also be affected, with symptoms including decreased performance, low interest in intimacy, and reduced confidence. At Face Lab Aesthetics, we begin with comprehensive lab testing to understand your hormonal levels and create a treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.
Biote BHRT for Men – Personalized, Preventative Care
As a Biote Certified Provider, we use bioidentical hormone pellets designed to closely match your body’s natural hormones. These pellets are inserted during a quick in-office visit and release consistent hormone levels over several months. Most patients begin to notice improvements in two to four weeks, with full results often experienced after the second pellet insertion. Located in Villa Hills and serving the Northern Kentucky and Cincinnati area, Face Lab Aesthetics offers expert-guided hormone therapy designed to help you feel stronger, clearer, and more balanced.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) offers powerful benefits for men struggling with symptoms of hormonal imbalance. By restoring optimal testosterone and hormone levels, many men experience increased energy, improved sleep, enhanced mental clarity, and better mood stability. HRT can also support healthy metabolism, help reduce stubborn body fat, and promote the ability to build and maintain muscle mass—key factors in staying active and feeling confident at any age.
Beyond physical wellness, HRT has a significant impact on men’s sexual health and overall quality of life. It can boost libido, improve sexual performance, and restore a sense of vitality and motivation that may have diminished over time. At Face Lab Aesthetics, we tailor each BHRT plan to meet individual needs, helping men in Villa Hills and the surrounding Northern Kentucky area reclaim their strength, drive, and well-being with long-lasting, natural-feeling results.
Starting at - $550 per treatment
Transformation achieved through a treatment, highlighting real results and effectiveness.


title: South loop location of whole foods market opening august 8

text:
CHICAGO (July 18, 2007). Whole Foods Market® (Nasdaq: WFMI), the world's leading natural and organic foods supermarket and the nation's first certified organic grocer, opens its new 55,000-square-foot South Loop store on Wednesday, August 8. The much-anticipated store, located at Canal Street and Roosevelt Road., is the anchor grocery store of the brand-new Southgate Market. Upon opening, the South Loop location is looking forward to becoming the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Certified grocery store in Chicago under the LEED® for Commercial Interiors program.
Whole Foods Market® has demonstrated a strong commitment to the environment since the company's inception. In 2006, it was granted the EPA Power Partner of the Year award for its purchase of enough wind power to offset 100% of its electricity use throughout the country, one of the largest purchases in history. The LEED Green Building Rating System™ is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of buildings. LEED promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality.
“We couldn't be more thrilled to join this wonderful community as the first LEED Certified grocery store in Chicago,” says Laura Henke, Whole Foods Market South Loop store team leader. “From our wonderful array of natural and organic foods and commitment to the environment to our cooking and lifestyle classes, we've got something for everyone in the neighborhood.”
Whether you're seeking a wide variety of fresh, organic fruits and vegetables, specialty gourmet items, high-quality meats and poultry, or everyday pantry staples at great prices, you can find what you're looking for at Whole Foods Market. The Company's motto – Whole Foods, Whole People, Whole Planet – emphasizes that the vision reaches far beyond just being a food retailer. Success in fulfilling this vision is measured by customer satisfaction, Team Member excellence and happiness, return on investment, improvement in the state of the environment and community support.
The store is one of four stores opening in the Chicago area in 2007. Other new stores include the recently opened Cicero and Peterson (Sauganash) and Halsted and Waveland (South Loop) locations. The Northbrook store at Waukegan and Willow Roads is slated to open August 29. These and other upcoming openings reflect the Company's aggressive growth plan for the next few years.
“More and more consumers are embracing a healthier lifestyle and seeking better options to fulfill their ever-changing needs,” states Patrick Bradley, Midwest Regional president. “There is a greater awareness of food – where it comes from, how it is grown, produced and raised, and whether it's organic and sustainable. Because of this, more shoppers are turning to natural and organic foods than ever before. Whole Foods Market is addressing these needs to help make natural and organic foods more accessible to people by broadening our product offerings and building more stores, such as our new South Loop location.”
On the Shelves and In the Aisles
The new Whole Foods Market South Loop store offers a vast array of tempting foods and delights, sure to please even the most discerning palate. Featuring restaurant-quality prepared foods and the convenience of one-stop grocery shopping, the store features a number of unique and enticing elements chosen specifically with the South Loop community in mind. Extensive market research identified that the community is typically on the move, prefer to get their shopping done efficiently and quickly and eats a high volume of prepared foods weekly, versus homemade items. Evidence of this research is apparent throughout the store by not only the food offerings, but also the more than 200 Whole Foods Market parking-specific spaces and the more than 100 feet of bike racks.
“Our goal is to make shopping at our store as convenient and as fun as possible,” says Henke. “This store was built with the Chicago urbanite in mind, as evidenced through the wide variety of grab-and-go, prepared items; the convenient location free parking and the exciting culinary and lifestyle classes.”
About our Team Members
Whole Foods Market, which created nearly 200 jobs in the South Loop community, has been named by Fortune magazine as one of the “100 Best Companies to Work For” in America for ten consecutive years – every year since the list's inception.
“Whole Foods Market celebrates diversity and embraces all lifestyles through our widely unique workforce. We're proud that our Team Members are truly passionate about sharing the joys of great-tasting food and natural lifestyle choices with others,” Henke says.
Commitment to the Community
Whole Foods Market has a rich history of establishing a deep commitment to each of the communities it serves. “We're looking forward to putting down roots and becoming an integral part of the South Loop community,” Henke comments.
As part of that commitment, Whole Foods Market holds quarterly Community Support Days when five percent of a day's net sales are donated to a local non-profit organization. The store will also work with local area groups on various partnerships. In fact, the South Loop store has hired a marketing specialist, Joyce Chacko, committed to working with community leaders and partners. Please visit the store's web site at www.wholefoods.com/stores/southloop for more information on the store's community outreach.


title: Saturday may 24

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We started on Back in Black today! Got Jack to play the most common Rock n Roll beat and although I had to play the RH hi hat for him, he did a good job keeping the time and grasping the idea of a rock beat. We will look into Drum Fills next week!
Congratulations on a beautiful recording of Cupid 50/50! The recording is now uploaded to the drive in your homework folder. After practising with accompaniment a few times you were able to grasp how the syncopated rhythm grooves with the accompaniment. Memorisation is clearly your strong suit but learning to read notes fast will also be crucial to learning music going forward!
Will look to do sight reading exercises with Nova going forward every lessons. Also bring in a tune that you like (drums or mallet) and we will look to dissect it!
Great job with Living on a Prayer! We are down to the final section of the piece! We worked on Guitar solo section today and the thing tricking you is to fast changes between ride and crash cymbal. Work on that in isolation, not too fast nor too slow! Do it right in time. Read the second page by yourself and we will try to play through next class!
During warm up today we spotted an elbow skewing movement outward movement that we look to fix. I have uploaded a video of me playing the throw stroke for you to compare to the skewing movement. Try to observe that through a mirror and think a throwing ball motion to try and fix it. Once you feel natural with it, add the sticks in then do some pad work!
Last Nite is coming together nicely! Great job developing a stronger and stronger rhythmic sense of the groove here. Remember if you can recite/sing it, you are not that far from being able to play it! Try to bridge the transition smoother at home. We will look to figure out the rest of the song next lesson.
Jeffrey stepped in to sub for the lesson today and suggested to perhaps working on some note reading exercises with Jonah. We have also discussed to do drums online and keyboard when in person. On the drums week I propose to assign simple theory homework, and on the keyboard week we will try to start with some sight reading exercises. Also had them start Log Cabin Blues. If Jonah likes the tune we can continue working on it. I will like to develop mallet dexterity with him through the tune.
We will look to continue with Silhouettes next lesson. Apologies that I had to miss your lesson!


title: British bred variety

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British bred variety
Makes an eye-catching ornamental edible
Ideal for growing in baskets or containers
This product is produced and supplied in association with Thompson & Morgan
1 Packet (6 Seeds) (23793)
Sow Chilli Pepper seeds on the surface of a good, free-draining, damp, seed sowing mix and cover with a fine sprinkling of compost or vermiculite. Place seed trays in a propagator at a temperature of 18-25C (64-77F) until after germination, which takes 7-10 days. Do not exclude light as this helps germination.
When seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant into individual 7.5cm (3") pots of compost and grow on in cooler conditions. When plants are well grown and all risk of frost has passed, transplant them into grow bags and containers, or plant them in well prepared beds of fertile, moist, well drained soil. Chili peppers may be grown undercover in a greenhouse or polytunnel, or grown outdoors in a sheltered position in full sun. When growing chilli peppers outdoors, gradually acclimatise them to outdoor conditions over a period of 7 to 10 days prior to transplanting them. Space pepper plants at a distance of 50cm (20") apart.
Seeds and garden supplies will normally be delivered within the time period stated against each product as detailed above. Plants, bulbs, corms, tubers, shrubs, trees, potatoes, etc. are delivered at the appropriate time for planting or potting on. Delivery times will be stated on the product page above, or in your order acknowledgement page and email.
Orders for packets of seed incur a delivery charge of £2.99.
Orders which include any other products will incur a delivery charge of £6.99.
Where an order includes both packets of seeds and other products, a maximum delivery charge of £7.99 will apply - regardless of the number of items ordered.
Large items may incur a higher delivery charge - this will be displayed in your shopping basket.
Please see our Delivery page for further details, and more information on different charges that may apply to certain destinations.
For more information on how we send your plants please visit our Helpful Guide on plant sizes.


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Michael Jackson’s ‘Thriller 3D’ to Premiere at Venice Film Festival
Michael Jackson's Thriller 3D, which has been long rumored and highly anticipated by fans, will make its world premiere at the 74th Venice International Film Festival 2017.
The original iconic 1983 short film was directed by John Landis and written by Michael Jackson and Landis. The new 3D version has not been reedited or recut in any way. Rather, Landis partnered with a team to bring the original 35mm film negative from Michael's archives into a 3D conversion using the latest available technology. The audio and music have also been enhanced to the highest quality for big screen theater viewing, which is how Michael always intended the film to be enjoyed.
In the press release, Landis expressed, "I am so happy to have had the chance not only to restore but enhance Michael Jackson's Thriller! We took full advantage of the remarkable advances in technology to add new dimensions to both the visual and the audio bringing it to a whole new level. Even though Thriller was shot traditionally, I was able to use the 3-D creatively. Let me just warn you, there is a rather shocking surprise in there!"
From the start, Michael was a fan of An American Werewolf In London, and called Landis to collaborate on the Thriller project. The original film premiered at the AVCO Theatre in Los Angeles in 1983, and sold out every night for three weeks. The highly sought after documentary, The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller, was available on VHS from 1983-1990, and has never been available for purchase since then. The upcoming screening in Venice Italy will mark the first time that the short film has ever been shown in 3D along with the first ever screening of the award-winning documentary in a theater.
Watch Michael Jackson's Thriller below:


title: 6264 villivalam joins secretary of state to advocate for raising the age for in person drivers license renewals

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SPRINGFIELD — Following the advancement of House Bill 1226 through the Senate Transportation Committee, State Senator Ram Villivalam joined Illinois Secretary of State Alexi Giannoulias, State Representative Jay Hoffman and AARP Senior Manager of Advocacy and Outreach Ryan Gruenenfelder to raise awareness about the measure that would reduce barriers for seniors renewing their driver’s licenses.
“I am so proud that we have moved to the step of the process with this legislation as Illinois is the only state that bases behind-the-wheel driving tests on age,” said Villivalam (D-Chicago).
Illinois has one of the strictest driving test requirements for seniors in the entire nation. To combat this disparity, Villivalam spearheaded a measure in 2022 that instructed the Secretary of State’s Office to conduct a study on age-related changes which might affect safe driving.
The study concluded that Illinois seniors are among the safest drivers on the road and raising the age requirement for the senior driving test has benefited seniors and reduced wait times at driver services facilities.
The bill would also expand the list of individuals who may submit information to the Secretary of State relative to the medical condition of a driver, if the driver’s condition interferes with their ability to safely operate a vehicle, to include immediate family members such as a spouse, parent, grandparent, sibling or child.
“Seniors are the safest drivers in America, and this legislation is a giant step forward to ensure we are not discriminating against age,” said Villivalam.
House Bill 1226 currently waits to be heard in the Senate.