title: Get rich or die trying 2005

text:
Sunday, November 20, 2005
I am fascinated by the number of rappers who have crossed over into film. Never in the history of the music industry have so many performers accomplished this. Not traditional music, religious music, classical music, R&B, Rock, Country, Jazz...nothing. But the list of Hip-Hop and Rappers who have done it just staggers the mind. Queen Latifah, Will Smith, LL Cool J, Mos Def, P. Diddy, Eminim, Eve, Lil Bow Wow, and on and on and on. My theory? Well, these people (in general) can't sing, or dance, or play instruments, or read music. They are heavily dependant on their producers (as are most musical performers) for their sound. What, then, exactly are they bringing? And you'd better consider that the competition has to be incredibly fierce, up to and including lethal levels of physical intimidation. Rap is a CUT THROAT business, so I am forced to conclude that those at the top have more of whatever "success quality" is required than those further down. And I think that the major components of that are the elusive thing called "star poewr", and the ability to act a role.
Enter Curtis "Fifty Cent" Jackson, a rapper of moderate skills and no real point of view, whose primary claim to fame is having been shot nine times. Think about that. That's his claim to fame? The thing that makes him marketable, the fact that he is a bona-fide gangster? I guess so. And that disturbs the hell out of me.
Back tothe movie
The film, a fictionalized version of Jackson's life, is probably best criticised by comparing it to two much better movies, "8 Mile" with Eminim, and "Hustle and Flow" with Terrance Howard. Eminim's music, mroe than almost anyone else in rap, is self-revelatory, and deals withhis personal pains, hopes, and dreams, his family anguish, his personal failings and devils. In other words,his primary talent is honesty. I am tempted to look at the vast majority of black rappers and wonder what keeps them from being as honest...then again, no, I don't. Just like black male sexuality is a taboo in American film, any other exploration of genuine feelings and weaknesses and hopes and dreams beyond a narrow "get paid and get laid" is simply not profitable...or not perceived as profitable. I think that the perception is accurate. Black men have masked their feelings for four hundred years--to let out the homicidal anger would be suicide. Fear gets bound up with pain and love and hope and frustration, the kind of emotional ball that is bounced with such wonderful effect in the Blues. Hip Hop, especially the stuff played on the radio, is NEVER about weakness. It is all about strength, and lack of real feeling. And this creates a problem in film when companies, looking for marketable black faces, casts Rappers.
They can't act, in general. Yeah, Queen Latifah and Mos Def and even Will Smith are exceptions. But when you see Jackson and Terrance Howard acting side by side, there's no comparison. In "8 Mile" they surrounded Eminim with real actors for him to react to, and gave him a home life that created INSTANT empathy--his relationship with his mother, his sister, a girl at work, his homies. Far, far beyond the level of humanization in "Die Tryin'." where no human relationships more than paper-thick show up for damned near the first hour of the movie. Jackson does his best, but he basically has two expressions, and although competantly directed, the film gives us nothing we haven't seen before. Even a nude knife fight in a prison shower is shot with a curious blandness and lack of intensity. A love scene late in the film does have a nice eroticism, but it's strange how different it is from most love scenes in film. I salute the film makers for willingness to do it at all, but in most films, the FIRST love scene between two characters is the most incandescent. If we see a second one at all, it is usually far more demure. Things are jsut the opposite here, which reinforces my sense that Hollywood just doesn't know what to do with black male sexuality.
The movie just doesn't work well, and maybe that's because they couldn't get Jackson to open up the way Eminim can, and I thinkthe difference is racial, I really do. Nonetheless, "Die Tryin'" is compentant, and an actual effort to tell Jackson's story. While I can't love it, I don't hate it, and it bodes well for future efforts...the trailers for Usher's movie "In The Mix" actually had me smiling. I'll be damned if I'm not looking forward to it, and I'm not even into his music. Maybe it's because he does Hindu Pushups and Squats.
Give "Get Rich" a C+.


tier: cub

shelf: civic-law

title: Canada minister kenney calls f

text:
Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism Minister Jason Kenney today called on the Canadian Society of Immigration Consultants (CSIC) to do its utmost to ensure a smooth transition to the Immigration Consultants of Canada Regulatory Council (ICCRC), the new regulator of immigration consultants.
“The ICCRC is the designated regulator of immigration consultants under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) and it is crucial that all parties involved make sure that there is no confusion about who now regulates immigration consultants,” said Minister Kenney.
On June 30, 2011, after a public consultation process, the ICCRC was designated, by regulation, as the new regulator of immigration consultants, replacing CSIC. These regulations also state that all CSIC members who were members in good standing on June 30 are now deemed to be members of the new governing body, the ICCRC, until October 28, 2011. During this 120-day transition period, these CSIC members are not required to pay fees to the ICCRC, which will provide them with ample time to register with the new regulator.
CSIC has filed an application before the Federal Court for a judicial review of the decision to designate the ICCRC as the regulator of immigration consultants and this hearing will be held in October. In the meantime, Minister Kenney urges CSIC to in no way hinder the ICCRC’s work.
Under IRPA, membership in CSIC is no longer required for individuals wishing to practise as immigration consultants under federal jurisdiction. The ICCRC, as the new governing body, is able to determine whether an individual, other than someone who was a member in good standing of CSIC as of June 30, 2011, may become a member of the ICCRC. If CSIC members are uncertain of their status, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) encourages them to contact the ICCRC.
Minister Kenney also took the opportunity to remind CSIC that it would be in the public interest for this organization to act in good faith and transfer all relevant documents to the ICCRC, including all previous, outstanding and ongoing complaints and discipline matters related to their membership.


shelf: science-engineering

text:
Introducing Different Types of Mass Flow Meters
Mass flow meters are vital in various industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceutical, chemical, and oil and gas. They are used to measure the flow rate of gases and liquids accurately. There are different types of mass flow meters, each with its unique features and benefits. In this article, we will explore five different types of mass flow meters in detail.
Thermal mass flow meters are commonly used for measuring the flow of gases. They work based on the principle of convective heat transfer. A thermal mass flow meter consists of a heated sensor and a temperature sensor. As the gas flows through the meter, the heat from the heated sensor is carried away by the gas. The temperature sensor measures the temperature difference between the two sensors and calculates the mass flow rate. One advantage of thermal mass flow meters is that they can be used for a wide range of gas flow measurements, from low to high flow rates. Additionally, they are known for their high accuracy and repeatability.
Another feature of thermal mass flow meters is that they are capable of measuring the mass flow independent of the gas composition, making them suitable for applications where the gas composition may vary. However, it's crucial to consider the pressure and temperature of the gas when using thermal mass flow meters, as changes in these parameters can affect the accuracy of the measurements.
Coriolis mass flow meters are widely used for measuring the flow of liquids and gases. They operate on the principle of Coriolis effect, which causes a vibrating tube to twist when a fluid flows through it. The degree of twist is proportional to the mass flow rate of the fluid. Coriolis mass flow meters are known for their high accuracy and ability to measure mass flow directly, regardless of the fluid properties such as density and viscosity.
One of the key advantages of Coriolis mass flow meters is their ability to provide accurate measurements even with changing process conditions, making them suitable for applications where the fluid properties may vary. Additionally, Coriolis mass flow meters are capable of measuring both mass flow and volume flow simultaneously, providing valuable information for process control and optimization. However, it's important to consider factors such as pressure drop and fluid compatibility when using Coriolis mass flow meters in specific applications.
Differential Pressure Flow Meters
Differential pressure flow meters, also known as orifice flow meters, are among the most common types of flow meters used in industry. They operate based on the principle of creating a pressure drop across a constriction in the flow path. The flow rate is then calculated based on the pressure difference and the geometry of the constriction. Differential pressure flow meters are commonly used for measuring the flow of liquids and gases in various applications.
One of the advantages of differential pressure flow meters is their simplicity and low cost compared to other types of flow meters. They are suitable for a wide range of flow measurements and are often used in industrial processes where high accuracy is not required. However, it's important to note that differential pressure flow meters may not provide accurate measurements for fluids with varying density and viscosity. Additionally, they may require regular calibration and maintenance to ensure accurate measurements.
Magnetic Flow Meters
Magnetic flow meters, also known as magmeters, are commonly used for measuring the flow of conductive liquids. They operate based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a voltage is induced when a conductive fluid flows through a magnetic field. The induced voltage is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid, allowing for accurate measurement of the flow.
One of the key advantages of magnetic flow meters is their ability to measure the flow of corrosive and abrasive liquids, as they have no moving parts and are not in contact with the fluid. They are also capable of providing accurate measurements for fluids with varying density and viscosity. Magnetic flow meters are widely used in industries such as water and wastewater, chemical processing, and mining. However, it's important to consider factors such as the conductivity of the fluid and the presence of air bubbles when using magnetic flow meters in specific applications.
Ultrasonic flow meters are versatile instruments used for measuring the flow of liquids and gases. They operate based on the principle of ultrasonic waves traveling through the fluid. There are two main types of ultrasonic flow meters: transit-time and Doppler. Transit-time flow meters use ultrasonic waves to measure the velocity of the fluid, while Doppler flow meters measure the frequency shift of ultrasonic waves reflected by the moving particles in the fluid.
One of the advantages of ultrasonic flow meters is their non-intrusive nature, as they do not require direct contact with the fluid, making them suitable for applications where minimizing pressure drop and the risk of contamination is critical. Ultrasonic flow meters are known for their high accuracy and repeatability, making them suitable for a wide range of flow measurements. However, it's important to consider factors such as the temperature and pressure of the fluid, as well as the presence of suspended solids or entrained gas, when using ultrasonic flow meters in specific applications.
In conclusion, mass flow meters play a crucial role in accurately measuring the flow of gases and liquids in various industrial processes. Each type of mass flow meter has its own unique features and benefits, making it suitable for specific applications. It's essential to carefully consider factors such as the fluid properties, process conditions, and accuracy requirements when selecting the appropriate mass flow meter for a given application. By understanding the different types of mass flow meters available, industries can make informed decisions to ensure accurate flow measurements and efficient process control.
Getting doesn't have to be expensive, time-consuming, or difficult. It all comes down to the right method and a vortex flow meter manufacturer mass flow meter in place.
To know more about and the market trends, go to Sincerity Mass Flow Meter Manufacturers.
The digital fork density meter mass flow meter is also available as a rosemount coriolis mass flow meter.
Beijing Sincerity Automatic Equipment Co., Ltd, which contributes itself on mass flow meter for creating more useful application.


tier: polar

shelf: software-docs

title: A non musical use case for 8 track

text:
There was a time in the not-too-distant past when magnetic tape was the primary way of listening to and recording audio. Most of us are familiar with the cassette tape, a four-track system that plays first one side of the tape, then the other. There was the eight-track tape as well which did not have quite as much popularity or longevity but did have a few interesting features that [Serial Hobbyism] took advantage of to make an interactive game.
The defining feature of the eight-track system, beyond the obvious eight tracks on the tape, is that the tape runs in a continuous loop, never needing to be stopped or flipped over. Instead, four buttons select pairs of the eight tracks, moving a head immediately to make the switch on-the-fly. [Serial Hobbyism]’s game plays a trivia-style audio recording and asks the player to answer questions by pushing one of the four “program” buttons to switch tracks. If the correct track is selected, the recorded audio congratulates the player and then continues on with the game. Likewise, if an incorrect track is selected, the recording notes that and the game continues.
Another interesting feature of this game is that it can be played without modifying an eight-track player, as the selectable tracks are a core function of this technology. They can be used in a similar way as cassette tapes to store computer data and a data recorder similar to the eight-track system was used on the Voyager space probes, although these only bear a passing resemblance.


shelf: health

title: Rotary bipolar eclub webinar with nicky chinn and ed bicknell

text:
We’re excited to personally invite you to our next Rotary Bipolar eClub Live Virtual Event this World Mental Health Day on Thursday, October 10th, from 12-1pm London Time. This event will feature two music industry legends, Nicky Chinn and Ed Bicknell, as they discuss the critical role of friendships for those living with bipolar.
In this free, live conversation, Nicky Chinn, the celebrated songwriter behind hits like Tiger Feet and Lonely This Christmas, and Ed Bicknell, famed for managing Dire Straits and Mark Knopfler, will share their personal insights on the importance of a strong support network. They’ll reflect on their own decades-long friendship and how relationships can offer essential support for those navigating the challenges of bipolar.
Nicky is a newly signed up Rotary member and is passionate about spreading bipolar awareness to other clubs in the UK.
Register now to secure your spot (places are limited) Join us for an engaging, inspiring, and at times humorous conversation as two best friends from the music industry share a story of personal struggle and achievements — with Nicky managing this challenging condition and Ed’s role as a supportive friend.
Click ticket link here:
P.S. This event is free to attend, so invite your friends, family and colleagues to join us!
About the Speakers:
- Nicky Chinn: An award-winning songwriter and record producer, Nicky will share his experience of living with bipolar since being diagnosed at age 16, and how therapy and friendships have played a vital role in his journey.
- Ed Bicknell: A respected music manager, Ed has worked with legends like Dire Straits and Gerry Rafferty. He’ll bring his unique perspective on the importance of human connections in both life and the music industry.
We look forward to having you with us for this powerful discussion about the importance of friendships, mental health, and resilience – with a few showbiz stories thrown into the mix.
We hope to see you there!
Rotary Bipolar e-Club


shelf: finance

title: Othanias tiger catches 5 star morningstar rating

text:
Stockholm (HedgeNordic) – Othania Invest, an alternative investment fund that uses a risk-on and risk-off approach to invest in U.S. equity and bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs), has received a five-star rating from Morningstar after surpassing all remaining 113 funds in Morningstar’s “EUR Flexible Allocation Global” category.
The Morningstar ratings are calculated for funds with at least a three-year history, with the systematic fund overseen by brothers Vincent and Christian Steen Larsen (pictured) receiving the five-star rating shortly after reaching the three-year mark. Othania Invest, seen as a mix between a hedge fund and a balanced fund, earned a cumulative 25 percent since launching in April of 2016. With an annualized return of 7.8 percent since inception, Othania Invest has reached a Sharpe ratio of 0.91.
Othania Invest and its younger sister, Investin Othania Etisk Formuevækst, rely on a proprietary investment model called “TIGER,” which was designed to estimate the risk of being exposed to equity markets for the coming month and decide on the full allocation of capital either into equities or bonds via ETFs. When the model points to low or acceptable levels of risk in equity markets for the upcoming month, 100 percent of the capital is allocated into ETFs offering exposure to equities. In the opposite scenario, all capital is allocated to ETFs that offer bond market exposure.
“The last three years have been packed with economic as well as political and geopolitical uncertainties, so being able to launch a systematic investment strategy in that environment has truly put the TIGER model up for a tough test,” Vincent Larsen tells HedgeNordic. “Seeing the TIGER model being able to adjust to these uncertainties to net out a return of 25 percent for the first three years, and seeing Othania Invest receive a five-star Morningstar rating give us great satisfaction,” he comments on the achievement.
Morningstar ratings represent a measure of each fund’s risk-adjusted returns relative to similar funds, with the top ten percent of funds in each Morningstar category receiving five stars. Not only did Othania Invest rank among the top ten percent in its Morningstar category, but the fund also managed to reach the top spot among 113 peers. “When we launched Othania Invest three years ago, our thesis was that the fund could provide strong absolute and risk-adjusted returns, enhance and preserve capital by applying a 100 percent systematic and consistent approach that uses leading indicators of economic activity, interest rates, and stock market movements,” says Christian Larsen.
“And that’s exactly what we managed to achieve so far,” he continues. “Compounding wealth requires both positive returns and the avoidance of large losses – there is no other way – and we think a systematic and objective approach is key to achieving this,” concludes Vincent Larsen.


shelf: education

title: La cienega

text:
Discover the Meaning and origin of the name La cienega. Learn about its numerology, popularity, related names of La cienega and more on TheParentZ.
What does the name La cienega mean? What is the meaning of the name La cienega
Meaning of La cienega: Name La cienega in the Spanish origin, means La cienega means Swarmp. Name La cienega is of Spanish origin and is a Girl name. People with name La cienega are usually Judaism by religion.
More Information About La cienega
Related names or Similar Names
Like La cienega? What about other Names with the Same Meaning
Explore names with meaning similar to baby name La cienega: La cienega means Swarmp
Meaning and Origin
Meaning and Origin
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Fill out the form and tell us what the baby name La cienega means to you.
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Need a Sibling name for La cienega?
Use our Sibling name generator to find matching brother and sister names (boy or girl names) for the baby name La cienega.
Are you looking for a sibling name for La cienega? Here is a list of Sibling names that go with La cienega
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Famous people with name La cienega (Namesakes)
Do you know any famous people named La cienega, let us know and we would update the information.
Want a different name?
Try our baby name generator. You can combine two names to find matching names. Using this Tool Parents can get their Child name similar or combination of their names. You can also get completely random names.
Ashvini Nakshatra (Birth Star) - Characteristics and Details
The Nakshatra for La cienega is Ashvini. The name La cienega is associated with the deity Ashwini Kumars, and is ruled by the Ketu. The symbol for La cienega is Horse's head, and it is characterized by Vitality. This name is connected to the element Fire and embodies the Active, Quick.name | Ashwini |
Deity | Ashwini Kumars |
Ruling Planet | Ketu |
Symbol | Horse's head |
Primary Quality | Vitality |
Element | Fire |
Nature | Active, Quick |
Pythagorean Numerology (Western Numerology) - 3
Baby Name La cienega Numerology: Name La cienega has a number value of 3 as per Pythagorean Numerology (Western Numerology), its advised that you also calculate 'number value' of name by entering full name in our Name Numerology Calculator.
Learn how to Spell La cienega Name in Other Languages
Learn how to Spell La cienega Name in Nautical Flags
Learn how to Spell La cienega Name in Sign Language
Learn how to Spell La cienega Name in Braille Alphabets (Grade 1)
Learn how to Spell La cienega Name in Morse Code
Syllables in La cienega Name
How many syllables in baby name La cienega? La cienega has 4 syllables. The name "La cienega" can be divided into 4 syllables as:
How many syllables in La cienega? | 4 (la) |
Numbers of characters: | 10 |
Unique letters: | 8 (l, a, , c, i, e, n, g) |
La cienega backwards: | ageneic al |
La cienega sorted alphabetically: | aaceegiln |
Name La cienega is combinations of, 1 occurance of L, 2 occurances of A, 1 occurance of C, 1 occurance of I, 2 occurances of E, 1 occurance of N, 1 occurance of G.
Birthday wishes for La cienega
How to Wish a Happy Birthday to La cienega
La cienega's birthday is a remarkable occasion that deserves thoughtful and heartfelt wishes. Whether he's a close friend, a family member, or a colleague, the perfect birthday message can make his day even more special. From warm, sincere greetings to fun, playful wishes, this section provides a variety of ideas to convey your affection, admiration, and joy for La cienega on his big day.
Happy Birthday, La cienega! Wishing you a year full of success, happiness, and unforgettable moments. May this special day bring you joy and may all your dreams come true. Enjoy every minute of it!
La cienega, Happy Birthday! Another year older, but not a year less awesome. I hope your day is filled with love, laughter, and everything that makes you happiest. Here's to an amazing year ahead!
Happy Birthday, La cienega! You bring so much light to everyone around you. May your day be as bright and wonderful as your heart. Cheers to more laughter, adventures, and memories this year!


shelf: home-craft

text:
[This outfit was made for and modeled by my daughter Mori]
Hello 2017!!! We are going to start the year off with The "Church" DIY Dress. That's what Mori calls this dress. I thought well since we are going with the whole Church Dress let's add some pearls! So I'm thinking this dress will not get a lot of air-time if you catch my drift. Now you may remember the fabric that I used for the skirt because it was the same fabric I used for that beautiful jumpsuit below that Mori rocked this summer. Everybody loved that print and it was sold-out!
[Black & White Rose Print100% Poly Ripstop Suiting is no longer available]
I had a little yardage left in my stash for a rainy day. I fell in love when I saw this Pre-cut Vibrant Magenta Nylon/Lycra Suiting by Halston and I snatched up 4 yards in the hopes of making a suit. This fabric has a Scuba-like feel to it and I decided I didn't want pants out of this fabric.
I was going to make just a blazer but then I played around with mixing this solid with a print and this is what happened! I decided on McCall's 7083. I don't have any tips for this pattern, it was pretty straight forward, easy, peazy! This pattern has several options that you can mix and match. I hacked the sleeves just a little, I made them a little fuller than the pattern and my cuffs are thicker than the pattern's cuffs. I'm thinking this could be a go-to pattern, that I can whip up real quick. So the pre-cut fabric is history but there is a pink shade of by-the-yard fabric HERE. Be aware of your heat setting on your iron with this type of fabric....I did scorch a piece and had to start over. You will also want to use your walking foot to sew this fabric, it will make your life easier. Rest assured that this type of fabric is NOT your only option. Another vibrant color that looks like fun is this Coral-Orange Viscose HERE.
Until next time Peeps!
Michelle @ ThatBlackChic.com


shelf: history-culture

title: Our story

text:
He was friend and foe to the Indians. Recommended by the infamous American Civil War commander General Custer. Leader of the brave. A gallant soldier belonging to one of Cork’s most renowned families. Midleton’s hero. His name? J.J Coppinger.
Wounded and survived the second Battle of Bull Run, appointed Major for the Battle of Trevilian Station, made a Lieutenant Colonel after the Battle of Cedar Creek, and finally honoured the highest rank of General for fighting thirty of the fiercest conflicts. From the smoky Appalachian mountains of Virginia to the wild west of Idaho, J.J Coppinger carried the fertile valleys and distillery and brewery dotted boulevards of his homeland close to heart as he travelled across the treacherous terrain of America.
Born in Cork, November 10th, 1834 to Midleton’s dynasty of brewers, bishops and bankers, John Joseph was reared on the spirit of comradery. The Coppinger family brewery was the toast of the town, supplying the people with the finest of beer. But good times in Cork couldn’t sway J.J from adventures calling across the ocean. After all, legends don’t make history by staying home.
First a Captain in the Papal Army – where he fought in the war against Victor Emmanuel II – J.J secured a commission to join Union ranks in the American Civil War. From there, his story becomes thick and rich – littered with folklore, seductive mythology and a quick Irish wit still heard on the streets of Midleton today.
Yarns were shared around campfires, detailing J.J’s heroism in Gethysburg, Cold Harbor and Five Forks. The San Francisco Chronicle splashed details of his outrageous flirtations across inky front pages. Accounts of colourful confrontations in the corn strewn state of Kansas spread like wildfire. J.J married sweetheart Alice Stanwood Blaine in Washington in 1883, the wedding attended by an illustrious D.C. elite including none other than Chester A. Arthur himself – the 21st President of the United States of America. He was blessed with two sons Blaine and Connor and a sailboat he named the Jackdaw which was rumoured to have sailed down the Grand River, Ohio in spectacular fashion.
Not bad for a small time boy from Midleton with brewing in his blood.
But like all great stories, comes the curtain call. J.J Coppinger died at the ripe age of 75 at his home on 18th Street in Washington, D. C. on November 4th, 1909 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery right near the graves of his old war comrades. On that cool fall afternoon, the sound of a lone trumpeter could be heard honouring the spirit of this intrepid soldier who sailed violent oceans from County Cork to the shores of New York for an adventure that spanned a lifetime.
Today, J.J Coppinger’s stands in celebration of our hometown hero. Located at 55 Main Street, Midleton in a stately historic building, this elegant cultural bar retains its old world architecture whilst punctuating antiquated charm with streamlined style and contemporary edge. An eclectic mix of aged mirrors, timber floors, marble fireplaces and exposed brick complements an extensive selection of whiskeys, wines and beers, and memorabilia honouring the fearless Irish who fought in the American Civil War.
We’re a spirited venue where great friends can gather to share tipples and tales, trade war stories, be wined and dined, catch up over a coffee, witness heroic sporting feats on game day, soak up live retro tunes full of style and swag, and raise a glass to the legend himself.
There’s history in every sip.
Three cheers for the General.


title: Basic Guide About Mediation Law

text:
Basic Guide About Mediation Law
- 16 Feb 2023
- Posted By WebSiteAdmin
Any stage of disagreement can be resolved by mediation law, which is a popular form of ADR. In contrast to a trial or arbitration, mediation does not entail anyone deciding who is right or wrong. Instead, a neutral third person who goes by the mediator’s name assists the parties in settling.
A variety of situations can present an opportunity for mediation law. If there is a disagreement, your contract may state that the parties must first attempt to resolve it through mediation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination may offer the chance to mediate if you have a pending case. Many courts will also promote and offer other forms of dispute settlement, or at some point during a civil lawsuit, your attorney might advise it.
The 6 Steps Mediation Law Process
Mediation is completely confidential and voluntary, as stated by the mediation law. Unless you accept the terms and conditions in the contract, voluntary means you are not required to perform it, and you are not compelled to reach an agreement, even if you have agreed to undertake mediation.
The approach includes the importance of confidentiality. According to a Massachusetts statute that makes this clear, everything discussed in mediation shouldn’t be used by the court or agency case. Most mediators will insist that the parties sign a confidentiality agreement even in the absence of the statute. Here are 5 steps to conduct a formal mediation:
Once both sides are present, the mediator will make introductions. No party will feel endangered because of the physical environment, which will be managed. Most mediators will request that kids wait outside if they are present. Then the mediator will make an introduction. This clarifies the players’ roles and displays the mediator’s objectivity.
If pre-submitted briefs are present, some mediators will comment on what they perceive to be the problem and validate the case information. The mediator will then establish protocol and the process’s time limit. The mediation rules will be reviewed, and the mediator will briefly summarize the concerns he has heard discussed.
Statement of the Problem By the Parties
The mediator will allow each party an uninterrupted opportunity to share their story following the opening statement. The party who requested the mediation session will often speak first. The purpose of the statement, which need not be a summary of the facts, is to allow the parties to define the situation in their own words and to provide the mediator with more insight into their emotional states.
The mediator will next ask the client to add their comments if there are attorneys present who make the opening statement. The justification for the problem’s statement is only a means of aiding in its resolution; it is not a quest for the truth.
Information Gathering Time
To probe the emotional undercurrents, the mediator will pose open-ended questions to the parties. The mediator will frequently summarize and may provide the parties with a recap of important points. Particularly when a facilitative style is employed, this aids the mediator in developing a rapport with the parties.
Identification of the Problems
Other portions may also include this. The mediator seeks to establish shared objectives between the parties. The mediator will determine which disputes can be resolved or will be resolved first.
Reaching an Agreement
A mediator’s proposal is a suggestion that the mediator puts on the table, and the parties change it. Other methods for developing choices include discussion groups, group processes, or subgroups, creating fictitious but plausible scenarios, and developing hypothetical scenarios. The caucus, however, is the one that is most frequently utilized.
The majority of the time, mediating disputes carries no risk. You may be sure it won’t hurt your case if you can’t agree because it is voluntary and confidential. The plus side is that it may be possible to settle the dispute amicably without having to continue spending money and time on court proceedings.
You should talk about the time of mediation law with a lawyer. Sometimes it makes sense to start the process immediately when a conflict arises. By contract, you may also be compelled to do something if you want to consult a reliable lawyer who can help you with the mediation process, contact us today. You can contact experts today by contacting us.


tier: kodiak

title: 950

text:
A debris flow is one of the most dangerous types of mass movement because, depending on the rheology and topography, it can reach a very high speed and large run-out distance. Important study aspects of the initiation process of a debris flow are the mechanism and boundary condition, because they determine the meteorological threshold conditions and further evolution, and will provide clues for future mitigation strategies [
One can make different classifications of initiation mechanisms based on different viewpoints [
1]. It was among others [
3], who stressed the importance of the infiltration capacity of the soil as a key factor for either the development of shallow landslides or surficial erosion and transport of material by overland flow, that might create different types of flow like mass movements. Effective overland flow driven triggering processes are mainly concentrated in channels where high water discharges, and severe erosion and transport lead to high solid concentrations generating debris flows [
9]. Material is supplied to these debris flows by detachment and transport of the bed material, but also through lateral erosion of the channel bed. The channel can be partly or totally blocked by landslide dams. High runoff discharges eroding these landslide dams can also lead to initiation and rapid grow of debris flows [
12]. Landslide damming can also be initiated by rapid incision of the channel bed destabilizing the side walls [
13]. With infiltrating driven triggering mechanisms, shallow landslides are generated, which may or may not transform into debris flows. This failure mechanism by infiltrating water can occur in channel beds filled with loose material [
14] and on planar slopes where shallow landslides can also transform into debris flows [
18]. The transformation of a failed mass into a debris flow is rather complex and depends on various hydro-mechanical processes related to pore pressure development and supply of abundant overland flow water further mobilizing the failed mass [
Several authors analyzed partly the role of hydro-mechanical and morphometric factors controlling the type of initiation of debris flows. Berti [
24] analyzed the hydrological factors for the generation of debris flows in typical source areas in the Italian Alps by modelling overland flow in the channel bed from a source area as a response to rainfall impulses. Kean [
25] proposed an integrated hydro-geotechnical dynamic model to describe sediment transport by overland flow and consequently mass failure transforming into debris flow surges. Hu [
26] highlighted the initial soil moisture, and thus infiltration capacity as a controlling factor for the type of initiation; wet soils created mainly surficial runoff, erosion, and incision; bank failure; and damming and debris flow development, while dry soils showed mainly infiltration and landslide failure and debris flow initiation [
1]. Zhuang et al. [
1] focused more on the slope gradient as a controlling factor for different types of initiation. Their flume studies revealed that at gentler slope gradients around 10° ± 2°, incision and bank failure is dominant, creating channel damming and dam failure, inducing debris flows. At intermediate slopes around 15° ± 3°, erosion of bed material occurs at high discharges. The high sediment transport capacity with high sediment concentrations is sufficient to create debris flows. At steeper slopes around 21° ± 4°, bed failure by infiltrating overland flow water with debris flow formation is the most dominant process.
Meteorological thresholds for the initiation of debris flows are closely related to the process of initiation. In many studies about these meteorological thresholds, no clear distinction was made between the types of triggering [
27]. The assessment of these thresholds in relation to various morphometric and geological factors was made in most cases using statistical techniques [
Until now, only isolated aspects of the hydrological triggering system of debris flows have been studied. There is a need for a comprehensive framework which gives insight in the controlling factors for the evolution of different triggering systems in upstream channels of debris flow gullies. Therefore this paper will try to give answers on the following questions:
What type of hydro-mechanical triggering mechanisms for debris flows can we distinguish in upstream channels of debris flow prone gullies?
What are the main parameters and in what way are they controlling the type and temporal sequence of these triggering processes?
What is the influence of hydro-mechanical parameters and related triggering processes on the meteorological thresholds for debris flow initiation?
In order to answer these questions we have carried out a number of flume tests to detect the conditions for different types of hydro-mechanical triggering mechanisms of debris flows (
Section 2). Based on the process information revealed by these experiments we will develop an integrated hydro-mechanical model describing these triggering processes (
Section 3). The model will be calibrated and validated using indicator values obtained from the processes measured in the flume (
Section 4). Virtual model simulations will be carried out in a schematic hypothetical source area of a catchment to make a framework of the type and sequence of these triggering processes as a function of slope angle and the hydraulic conductivity of the bed material (
Section 5). The model will also be used for sensitivity analyses to study the influence of important geometrical and hydro-mechanical parameters and the related type of initiation process on rainfall intensity-duration threshold curves, for the start of debris flows (
3. Integrated Model (1D) for Debris Flow Initiation in Upstream Channels
The flume test observations brought us to the concept of the triggering of debris flows caused by Hortonion and saturation overland flow initiating surficial erosion of bed material. Bed failure and entrainment of material was initiated by infiltration and subsurface flow leading to instability. First, we have to simulate the hydrological component of the triggering mechanisms of debris flows. For that we need the mass balance equation for overland (Equation (1a)) and through flow (Equation (1b)), which is given by:
qf is overland flow discharge per unit width (m
qs is subsurface discharge per unit width (m
hf is thickness of overland flow (m);
hs (m) is thickness of subsurface flow, ∂
x (m) is distance along the slope,
t is the time (s), and
B1–2 are terms (m s
−1) describing the inflow or outflow of water from the flow system, which is defined as follows:
r (m s
−1) describes the external input of rain into and
if (m s
−1) the outflow of water by infiltration out of the overland flow system (Equation (2a)) (see also
Figure 1). When there is no supply of rain, like in our flume experiments,
r = 0. In the case of subsurface flow,
if in Equation (2b) is considered now as an inflow term of the subsurface flow system. If
t is larger than the infiltration capacity,
Ks (m s
−1) of the bed material the latter one is the limiting factor. Therefore the infiltration term
if of Equation (2) is the minimum (min) value of the infiltration capacity
Ks (m s
−1) and the current water depth (
hf), which can infiltrate in one time step Δ
t into the bed material:
We introduce here a general momentum equation for the water flow processes [
For turbulent overland flow, the parameters
in Equation (4a) can be defined as follows:
n is Manning’s
S0 the slope gradient of the bed material.
For subsurface flow we can write according to Darcy’s law:
qs is the amount of subsurface flow water per unit width (m
is slope angle (degrees), and
hs is the height of the flowing water component in the soil matrix (m). By comparing Equation (6) with the general momentum Equation (4b) we can define the parameters
for subsurface flow:
A combination of the mass balance Equation (1) with Equation (4) delivers an expression for overland flow or subsurface flow discharge (
The 1D model is implemented in a fixed Eulerian frame where the variation in water flow variables is described at fixed coordinate points at a distance Δ
x along the slope as a function of time step Δ
t. A numerical solution for Equation (8) is given by [
should be read as
qf,s f,s and
To simulate the initiation of debris flows by mass failure we used the equation for the infinite slope equilibrium model [
31], which is the trigger for failure:
F is the safety factor; failure occurs when
F = 1;
(k N m
−3) are the saturated bulk density of the material and water, respectively;
is friction angle of the material;
hs are the thickness of the soil and the height of the groundwater layer, respectively;
hs can be solved with Equation (6) and (9), respectively.
The overall stability of the bed material expressed with the safety factor (F) for the infinite slope model was calculated as an average of the safety factor of the different nodes. The inflow of water into the flume is coming from upstream, and therefore the pore pressure gradient is decreasing downstream. This means that the safety factor is always increasing downstream, and therefore the average approach of the safety factor over the length of the sample in the flume seems a reasonable approximation of the overall safety factor.
For estimating the transport capacity on steep slopes Rickenmann [
35] proposed a bedload transport equation based on a shear stress approach, where discharge, bed slope gradient, and material grading are used as parameters to characterize flow hydraulics.
For steeper slopes, in the range of 0.03 <
S < 0.2 (1.7°–11.3°), Rickenmann [
34] performed a regression analysis with the steep flume data on bed load transport obtained at ETH Zurich that resulted in the equation:
D30 are grain sizes at which 90% and 30%, respectively, by weight of the material are finer;
ds is the mass density of the solids,
S is the slope gradient, and
qc is the critical flow discharge for bedload entrainment. The experimental slopes were in the range of 0.03 >
S > 0.20 (1.7°–11.3°), and the
D90 of the material ranged between 0.9 and 2 cm and
D30 between 0.06 and 1 cm with inflow rates of 10–30 L s
−1. In the section below, we will calibrate Equation (11) for the steeper slopes in our flumes.
The integrated model developed in this section is able to describe the different types of hydro-mechanical triggering mechanisms for debris flows. It delivers us the physical parameters, which controls these processes, which will be applied in our virtual simulations in
Section 5 and
In the next section, we will calibrate our model on some process indicator values obtained from our flume tests.
4. Calibration and Validation of the Theoretical Model on the Basis of Flume Test Results
We will use here a number of process indicator values measured during the flume experiments to calibrate and validate the outcomes of our theoretical model. These are saturation or Hortonian overland flow, time to overland flow, maximum pore pressure, time to bed failure, and solid concentration by overland flow erosion. Hortonian overland flow and the time to Hortonian overland flow in the model is declared when surface water hf reaches the lower end of the bed material, while the bed material is still not saturated (hs < Zs). Saturation overland flow and the time towards it is declared when hs = Zs over the entire bed. Pore pressure is calculated each time step according to Equation (10b). The discharge of hf + hs is reported each time step at the end of the flume. Bed failure is declared as mentioned earlier when the average safety factor F over the bed length reaches the value of 1.
For the flume simulations, the distance between the nodes (Δx) was 0.1 m and the time interval (Δt) was 0.2 s.
Figure 4 shows the relation between observed and calculated time to overland flow for the different flume tests. There is a moderate 1:1 correlation between observed and predicted time to overland flow for the medium and coarse sediments and for the fine sediments, showing Hortonian overland flow there is no correlation at all. The deviations in observed and predicted time to overland flow can be ascribed to the variation in density of the bed material in combination with a poor estimate of the
Ks value based on a limited amount of measurements, which was used as input for the modelling (see
Section 2.1). However the model was able to predict the type of overland flow according to what was observed during the flume tests (see
Despite the malfunctioning of some pore pressure sensors we were able to make a 1:1 comparison between the average maximum measured pore pressure for the three sensors (
Figure 1) and the average calculated maximum pore pressure (
The Figure shows that in many cases there is a slight overestimation of the calculated pore pressure. Time series of measured pore pressure of the three sensors compared to modelled temporal pore pressure development showed that in most cases the onset towards maximum pore pressure for the three sensors was more irregular compared to the calculated development of the pore pressures (
Figure 6). This can be ascribed to the variation in density, which occurred during the compaction of the sediment layers or (and) the imperfect response of the sensors.
In relation to pore pressure development we compared the time to failure for the different test runs on the different materials. Since the time towards average maximum calculated and measured pore pressure coincided more or less, one would expect also corresponding calculated and measured failure times.
Table 2 and
Figure 7 show that the match between observed and calculated failure time is reasonable except for two outliers (coarse-20°; fine-18°).
Figure 7 shows further that the calculated time to failure seems to be underestimated for the coarse material and, although not so clear, overestimated for practically all the tests on the medium and fine materials. This suggests that the percolation rate is lower, and hence the observed time to failure is higher for the coarser bed materials and higher for finer bed materials. The average volumetric concentrations of the runoff water are 0.62, 0.65, and 0.70 for the coarse, medium, and fine bed materials, respectively. However, we would expect lower percolation rates (and therefore higher times to failure) in finer bed materials with higher concentrations of runoff water and more fine material and vise versa: higher percolation rates on the courser bed materials with lower runoff concentrations. We must conclude that the effect of concentration and gradient of the sediment in the water is not visible in our observed time to failure. Therefore, the deviations between calculated and observed values must be ascribed to the heterogeneity of the material, incorrect estimate of the friction values, and
Ks values and bulk density of the percolating water, and incorrect assessment of the overall safety factor.
We calibrated also the parameters of the Rickenmann [
35] equation, (Equation (11)) on our flume tests, which were carried out on slopes ranging between 0.25 >
S > 0.36 (14°–20°), with grain sizes for 0.9 >
d90 > 2 and 0.05 >
d30 > 1 cm, and with flow rates 0.5 >
qf > 15 L s
Figure 8 shows the best linear fit between
qf and (
0.2S2, which delivered the following modified equation for slopes between 14° and 20°:
which gives for
ds = 2.6:
The calibration revealed that qc in Equation (11) becomes zero or practically zero in Equation (12). At slopes larger than 15° the down slope component of the grain weight may reduce the critical shear stress τc which in our case obviously reduced to nearly zero.
We may conclude that the model is able to predict in a reasonable way essential process indicators for different hydrological triggering processes of debris flows in upstream channels. In the next section, we will apply the model on the field scale to predict hydro-mechanical triggering patterns for debris flows as a function of the hydrological conductivity of the bed material and the channel slope gradient.
6. Sensitivity Analyses for Parameters Influencing the Rain Intensity-Duration (I-D) Threshold Curves for Different Initiation Processes of Debris Flows
In the foregoing, we revealed the influence of
Ks and bed slope gradient on the sequence of processes mechanisms involved in the initiation of debris flows. We want to investigate here the effect of the other parameters (including
Ks and slope gradient) on rainfall thresholds in terms of intensity duration (I-D) curves for the triggering of debris flows by two main process mechanism: initiation by Hortonian overland flow (R
hE-I) and bed failure (BF-I). As we have seen in
Table 4 and
Table 5, debris flow initiation by saturation overland flow (R
sE-I) can only take place around 16 degrees. At lower slope angles, sediment concentrations are too low to call it a debris flow (
Table 4). At higher slope angles, we have bed failure before saturation overland flow can take place.
Figure 10 shows the effect of different parameters on the I-D curves for debris flows initiated by Hortonian overland flow. The intensity and duration value of a rain event which creates overland flow that just reaches the end of the channel bed with a sediment concentration of >0.2, is defined by us as a threshold rain event for debris flow initiation. The intensity and duration values for a variety of different critical rain events were plotted in a graph with on the Y-axis the intensity and on X-axis the duration. In this way, an intensity duration (ID) curve can be constructed.
Table 3 gives an overview of the range of the different parameters and the default values (in bold italic), which were used in the simulation and which give a realistic representation of geometric and geotechnical parameters for source area conditions The threshold curves for debris flow initiation by Hortonian overland flow are shown in
Figure 10. In this figure, the threshold curves, which are constructed using the default values given in
Table 3, are depicted with open rectangular markers. They are equal in all the sub-figures. This enables one to compare for the different parameters the difference between the ultimate curves and the default curve. For each selected parametric value there is an ultimate minimum rain intensity below which not enough overland flow, and thus a debris flow can be initiated, irrespective the duration (D) of the rain event (see horizontal dotted lines).
The simulations show that at intensities below this critical dotted line the overland flow water never reach the lower end of the bed due to a too high infiltration rate on its pathway compared to the supplied amount of water (direct rain input and surrounding overland flow), and finally bed failure may be the primary triggering process.
The most obvious selected parameter for overland flow initiation is the hydraulic conductivity
Ks. Other parameters are related to geometry of the source area (see
Figure 6) like length of the lateral slopes along the channel (
L), radius of the upstream area of the channel (
R), Length (
Lx) and width (
W) of the channel bed, channel bed gradient (
θ), and further Manning’s
n of the bed material.
We saw in the forgoing that Hortonian overland flow plays a dominant role for
Ks values <0.005 m s
Figure 10a shows the influence of the
Ks value on the I-D threshold curves for runoff erosion initiation (R
hE-I). The range of
Ks values was chosen between 0.0005 and 0.005 m s
−1. The figure shows that for
Ks values lower than 0.001 m s
−1 there is nearly no effect of
Ks on the position of the I-D curve, but there is a difference in the minimum intensity values (dotted lines) below which no debris flow can occur. A slight difference can be observed for lower intensities (<60 mm h
Ks values (>0.001 m s
−1) have a larger influence on the I-D curves. (
The simulations show that the scale of the source area and lateral slopes (
L), the length of the river bed (
Lx), and the width of the bed (
W) have the largest effect on the position of the threshold curve for the initiation of debris flow by Hortonian overland flow (
Figure 10b,d,f, respectively). The threshold curves are less sensible for the effect of the slope gradient
θ and Manning’s
n of the bed material (
Figure 10c,e respectively).
Figure 11 shows the influence of the different geotechnical and geometrical factors on the threshold values for the triggering of debris flows by bed failure. The range in
Ks values for which bed failure (BF-I) is the dominant process were chosen between 0.001 and 0.1 m s
−1 with a default value of 0.01 m s
−1. The effect of the selected range in geometric values
Figure 11b,d,f–h, respectively) seems to be more or less the same. Less effect has the porosity (
Por) of the bed material and the
φ values (
Figure 11c,e, respectively). No effect had the hydraulic conductivity
Figure 11a), which is related to the simplicity of the model describing instantaneous downward percolation for these high permeable bed materials. Interesting was to see that at lower
Ks values (around 0.001 m s
−1) and higher rain intensities, the rate of groundwater storage, and therefore the critical duration for failure, was nearly the same (
The I-D curves obtained by our simulations suggest that the duration range was strongly influenced by the type of initiation. Debris flows initiated by Hortonian overland flow seems to be initiated within several minutes while debris flow initiated by bed failure within one to two hours. I-D curves find in the literature give threshold curves with a larger duration range of one to several hours. The relative quick response to debris flow initiation can be explained by the large effect we give in our simulations to the contributing slopes with sparse vegetation and low infiltration rates, which in other areas may be minor due to higher infiltration rates of denser vegetation and lower overland flow rates. The use of the curve number method also explains the quick response to initiation, because it does not take into account the effect of the initial moisture content which for dry soils gives larger infiltration rates and time to ponding in the first period of a rain event. It also does not simulate the travel time towards the channel. The relative quick response for channel bed failure initiation was also found by Berti [
24] dealing with nearly impermeable rock slopes in the source area.
Figure 12 compares two extreme I-D curves [
38], and one in between the two [
39] obtained worldwide with the two extreme curves produced in our simulation. The minimum curve in our simulation was related to the maximum channel slope (28°), and the maximum threshold curve was related to the largest length (
Lx) of the channel bed.
Figure 12 shows that a simple variation of parameters for the initiation of debris flows in channel beds of source areas, which gives already a significant range in variation compared to the range in threshold values for debris flows worldwide. The figure shows that, for reasons given above, our simulated curves are positioned in the lower part of the domain covered by all the curves obtained from different parts of the world.
We have shown in this section that the I-D curves for debris flows triggered by overland flow and bed failure are especially sensitive to the morphometric parameters of the source area and less sensitive to the hydro-mechanical parameters. The I-D curves for debris flows, triggered by the overland flow process are more sensitive to these parameters than the I-D curves related to the bed failure triggering process (compare
Figure 10 and
Figure 11). The sensitivity of these curves for these process parameters cover a range, which is quite significant compared with the ultimate range of I-D curves found worldwide.
This paper unraveled the effect of different hydro-mechanical processes on the initiation of debris flows. It is focused on the initiation in channels and it gives a detailed insight in the influence of different hydro-mechanical process mechanisms in the source area on the type of debris flow initiation. It shows how the hydrologic conductivity (Ks) and slope gradient (θ) determine the sequence of various process mechanisms.
Our simulations suggest that the type of initiation and related factors have also a clear influence on the values of the I-D curve as shown in
Figure 10 and
Figure 11. These I-D curves, determined by our two simulated process mechanisms, Hortonian overland flow and bed failure show a relative quick response of debris flow initiation compared to what is generally provided by the literature. Our calculations were focused on the initiation of debris flows in the source area in channel beds surrounded by slopes with scarce vegetation and rather impermeable soils. A quick response (within one hour) was also observed by Berti [
24] where, as in our simulations, debris flows were initiated in the source area by the dominant effect of run-on water to the channel delivered by a bare, impermeable catchment upstream.
The assessment of rainfall threshold values for debris flow initiation are based in most cases on statistical empirical approaches using large data sets without detailed knowledge of the different triggering processes and its influencing factors [
29]. Our quantitative approach to analyze the threshold conditions for debris flow initiation gives a more detailed insight in the effect of different parameters than the indicative parameters used in statistical techniques. Apart from the fact that no distinction is made in the mechanism of initiation, important morphometric characteristics, like channel width, slope, length, and thickness of bed material are ignored in most cases. As a consequence, the prediction of the probability debris flow initiation on the basis of rainfall for individual catchments can be very inaccurate. Further investigations must reveal the accuracy of both approaches to predict the initiation of debris flows.
The CN value, which we used in the simulation of overland flow on the contributing slopes, reflects in a lumped way the dynamic soil and land use characteristics. Especially the amount of storage of water before the time to ponding, and thus the estimate of the total overland flow production of a rain event can be rather inaccurate, especially for rain events with shorter durations. The use of a more detailed infiltration model incorporating the effect of the initial moisture content will give better predictions. However, in this paper we did not unravel in detail the effect of these soil and land use characteristics on threshold conditions for debris flow initiation, but used a constant CN value as input for the run-on simulation to the channel bed. Initial moisture conditions in the channel bed, which will affect the permeability and hence the boundary conditions for the initiation of overland flow were not considered either in this paper. The effect of the initial moisture content of the bed material is minor due to the large amounts of influx of water and the relative coarse material in the channel bed.
In this paper we mentioned the transport capacity of overland flow as a limiting factor for the initiation of debris flows. On slopes (<±16°) sediment concentrations are too low (<0.2) to call it a debris or hyper-concentrated flow. For these lower channel gradients we did not consider the effect of the delivery of extra material by side wall collapses and failure of landslide dams [
40], which may lead downstream to a rapid loading of the fluid and an instantaneous transformation into a debris flow
The initiation of debris flows by bed failure is also more complex since it depends on certain boundary conditions related to pore pressure development at failure and a large amount of runoff water, which must be supplied during failure to keep the material moving [
It is interesting to analyze the potential in development further downstream of debris flows triggered by bed failure (BF-I) with high solid concentrations. On steeper slopes failure of the bed material occurs under lower groundwater heights (
hs), and therefore after failure much additional overland flow water is needed to maintain the movement further down slope. Important is also the mechanism of erosion and erosive power of both types of debris flows further downstream in order to grow to a mature debris flow [
We could distinguish in our flume tests three types of hydro-mechanical processes which may trigger debris flows in channel beds of first order source areas. These are erosion and transport by intensive Horton overland flow (ROh-I), saturation overland flow (ROs-I), and by infiltrating water causing failure of channel bed material (BF-I). On the basis of these flume tests, an integrated hydro-mechanical model was developed, which was calibrated and validated with a number of process indicators measured during the flume tests. We were able to assess by means of this model the influence of important parameters on the mode of debris flow initiation. The hydraulic conductivity of the bed sediments is an important factor controlling the type and sequence of processes triggering debris flows. At lower Ks values, Hortonian overland will be the first process to start debris flows followed by bed failure or saturation overland flow. At higher Ks values, triggering by Hortonian overland flow is not possible anymore in this relatively coarse bed material, and triggering by bed failure will be the dominant process if the slope gradient is steep enough (>16°). Therefore, the slope gradient of the channel bed is a second important factor controlling the type of hydro-mechanical triggering. On gentler slopes which remain stable under saturated conditions, saturation overland flow might create debris flows if slope gradient is not too gentle, and therefore sediment concentration too low to call it a debris flow.
We further analyzed also the effect of different important morphometric and hydro-mechanical parameters on meteorological thresholds for triggering debris flows by overland flow or bed failure, respectively. With respect to overland flow triggering, the morphometric factors related to the size of the source area and width and length of the channel bed have the largest influence on the position of the I-D curves. Meteorological thresholds for bed failure triggering are also sensitive to morphometric parameters while the hydro-mechanical parameters have relative less influence on these threshold values.


text:
MICROSOFT EXCHANGE SERVER 2016 - 10 PACK DEVICE CAL
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The prerequisite for accessing all services of Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 available in the editions Standard and Enterprise is, in addition to the actual server license, also a client access license for end devices: the Exchange Server 2016 Device CAL. Only this license grants a specific registered computer (PC, laptop, tablet, mobile phone) the corresponding access rights.
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10 Device CALs for Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 as used software
The prerequisite for accessing all services of Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 available in the editions Standard and Enterprise is, in addition to the actual server license, also a client access license for end devices: the Exchange Server 2016 Device CAL. Only this grants a specific registered computer (PC, laptop, tablet, mobile phone) the corresponding access rights.
In accordance with the provisions of Microsoft license management, the server license for Exchange Server 2016 does not include any further user rights, so these must therefore be purchased separately in the form of a Device CAL. The registered end device can then be used by any authorized user to access the respective Exchange Server functions.
Used Device CALs for the Exchange Server 2016 Standard and Enterprise editions are available at a reasonable price from Wiresoft - for flexible, needs-based licensing of the end devices, these are also available individually. As used software, these endpoint access licenses offer the same functionalities as the Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 offered as new via the official Microsoft Volume Licensing Program.
Get the most out of Exchange Server 2016 with a pre-owned Device CAL
In a modern company, Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 represents the indispensable basis for controlling and managing relevant processes of the communication system. The Exchange Server acts as an interface for internal and external communication and connects all employees or departments across locations, thereby also increasing the effectiveness of workflows: Exchange Server 2016 allows central administration and clear archiving of e-mails and contacts as well as tasks; the integrated version management also improves joint work on documents. In the 2016 version, the number of server roles has been reduced to two in the server architecture: Mailbox and Edge Transport; in addition, scaling of mailboxes has also been simplified and support for cloud services has been optimized. Other features:
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- Hybrid scenarios for mailboxes are also supported.
- Data Loss Prevention (DLP) in the Enterprise edition increases data security, even for e-mails containing potential malware.
- The Outlook standard protocol MAPI over HTTP optimizes the reliability and stability of Exchange connections.
Information about used Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 Standard- and Enterprise-Edition at a glance
Device CALs offered as used software at Wiresoft are no different from corresponding new Device CALs, as they offer the same capabilities to take advantage of the features available with Exchange Server 2016 editions Standard and Enterprise. Used software in Device CALs therefore offers a low-cost alternative for many companies and institutions to equip end devices with an Exchange Server access license. The following overview explains all the advantages and special features.
Microsoft license management with CALs for Exchange Server 2016
Microsoft License Management explains all the provisions for the supplementary provision of devices or end devices with access rights for Exchange Server 2016 in the Standard and Enterprise editions, so that users can access e-mails etc. via them. However, such CALs, which are already included in the server license, are intended exclusively for administrators and may therefore not be used for Exchange-typical services. Only a client access license such as the Device CAL equips the end device with the rights to allow one - or more employees in turn - to use Exchange Server functions. This Device CAL does not include any additional software besides the dedicated access rights for the Exchange Server 2016 client/server environment.
What types of CALs are available for Exchange Server 2016 Standard- and Enterprise-edition?
CAL-based licensing for Exchange Server 2016 in Standard and Enterprise editions provides accurate management of access rights for all appropriate computers (fixed or mobile) in an organization. The Microsoft licensing model offers a total of two types of CALs for Exchange Server 2016:
- Device CAL for Exchange Server 2016 - for a dedicated end device (PC, laptop, tablet, phone)
- User CAL for Exchange Server 2016 - for one dedicated user
What are the differences between Device CALs and User CALs for Exchange Server 2016?
Basically, the Device CAL for Exchange Server 2016 does not differ from the User CAL in terms of available features and services. However, there is an important difference in the advantages offered by the respective type of access to the Exchange Server: Depending on the number and configuration of workstations in a company and the workflows in which the Exchange Server is accessed, several employees can share a single device for this purpose in order to access the Exchange Server in turn, for example, or a single user can use completely different devices for this purpose.
The Windows-enabled end device authorized for access with a Device CAL can be used by any employee who has permission to do so in order to use the available Exchange services. In a company with shift work, for example, several employees share a single end device to retrieve e-mails, etc., so fewer client access licenses are needed here than with a User CAL.
If this licensed end device can also be used on the move, e.g. a laptop, tablet or smartphone, the respective user can also use it to access the Exchange server via Internet access regardless of location - e.g. on the road, from another location or in the home office. A Device CAL then also offers mobile usage options.
What are the differences between Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 in the Standard and Enterprise editions?
The Device CALs for MS Exchange Server 2016 offer different functionalities depending on the Standard or Enterprise edition, for the Enterprise edition by the higher scalability of the mailbox requests. However, it is also possible to use the Exchange Server Enterprise Edition with a Device CAL for the Standard Edition - with the correspondingly limited functionality of the Standard Edition as well as also the lower number of mailbox databases. The Device CALs for the Enterprise Edition therefore offer, with a corresponding Enterprise Edition server license, an extended scope of services and functions, as is often needed in larger companies or organizations, including data loss prevention.
Note version compatibility of Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016
In addition to functionalities available depending on the edition, the Device CAL for Exchange Server 2016 not only equips a computer etc. with the access rights for exactly this server version, but also authorizes it to access older Exchange versions, such as 2013 (downgrade). However, a Device CAL for the server version 2016 cannot be used to access the higher Exchange Server version 2019 (upgrade).
Therefore, in addition to the features available per edition, buyers of Device CALs for Exchange Server should always consider the compatibility between the server license used and client access licenses.
What else should I consider when licensing Exchange Server 2016 with Device CALs?
A Device CAL for Exchange Server Version 2016 is valid for exactly one end device and equips it with the corresponding access rights. Once registration has been completed, the Device CAL cannot be transferred to another end device. It is also not possible to change the CAL type, in this case: the Device CAL as User CAL to use the CAL.
The purpose of these Microsoft license management provisions is to prevent improper access to Exchange Server 2016 and to provide a company with greater security in communications, as unlicensed computers cannot access email services and server data.
Conclusion on choosing Device CALs
Which client access license type for the use of Exchange Server 2019 offers a company more options is therefore always determined on a case-by-case basis. In addition to the number of end devices that use the Exchange Server, the number of users also plays a role here: as soon as several employees use a single end device in turn to access the Exchange Server, the Device CAL offers more advantages.
A precise knowledge of typical company scenarios is therefore the best starting point for choosing the right CAL type for Exchange Server 2016. Under certain circumstances, licensing with Device CALs is more favorable for a company than with User CALs, because fewer access licenses have to be purchased overall.
Used Device CALs for Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 are available in the Wiresoft Online Shop for as little as one single license
Used Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 are also available in the Wiresoft Online Shop as single licenses - because Microsoft volume licensing regulations do not apply to them. Furthermore, there are no disadvantages or restrictions in the usability of used software - not only because software cannot wear out in principle. More about this below.
Where do the Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 offered by Wiresoft as used software come from?
Device CALs for MS Exchange Server 2016 offered by Wiresoft as used are original licenses of the Microsoft license program; as used Device CALs they were previously part of a Device Volume License for Exchange Server 2016 purchased earlier by a company. This volume license and also individual device access licenses that were not required were purchased by Wiresoft and the volume license was broken down into individual licenses. The resulting so-called Single Device CALs are then designated as used software. However, despite their labeling as used access licenses, they can be used like an unused license for access to Exchange Server 2016, because they do not differ in terms of restrictions on functionality or time of use.
Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 as used software offer buyer security
Wiresoft's pre-owned software offering in Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 provides customers with a cost-effective licensing option for Exchange Server 2016, because their use is secure! Used Device CALs from Wiresoft also offer the usual buyer security with immediate download after purchase as well as immediate license activation with a valid volume license key.
Are the purchase and use of used Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 legal?
Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016, as well as other client access licenses offered at Wiresoft, come from the license inventory of companies. It follows that trading in used CALs is based on valid case law, which explicitly permits the sale as well as the purchase and use of Microsoft used licenses; various court rulings have clearly confirmed this fact time and again.
Wiresoft customers therefore have legal certainty when purchasing used Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 and using them, as they are not violating any legal regulations in the process.
Used software from Wiresoft also offers audit security through complete proof of all previous purchasers!
Summary of all advantages of Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016 as used software
Used software of User CALs for Exchange Server 2016 from Wiresoft represents a low-priced alternative compared to comparable new software from conventional software vendors - this price advantage also applies to other server used software with corresponding access licenses from Microsoft.
Licensing with used Device CALs does not contain any numerical restrictions at the time of purchase, as is usually the case with tiered licensing, so you can tailor your licensing to match the actual use of server services across the exact number of endpoints in your organization. Thus, Wiresoft customers can also reduce their device access licensing costs for Exchange Server by flexibly choosing the number of licenses.
Used licenses from Wiresoft therefore offer a particularly economical way of supplementing your software inventory at a reasonable price. The availability of multiple versions of the software also means that compatibility problems that could be caused by the use of non-uniform software versions can be avoided, thus also reducing the cost of purchasing new hardware. In the Wiresoft Software Shop, you will therefore find not only Device CALs for Exchange Server 2016, but also the corresponding User CALs as used software, as well as client access licenses for other versions of MS Exchange Server.
The Wiresoft used software offer also includes Microsoft software for use in other business areas - with all the advantages mentioned above. If you have any questions about Device CALs for MS Exchange Server 2016 or any other Microsoft product, please feel free to contact us via chat, email or phone.


title: Your guide to helping your loved one to safely age in place in assisted living places in naples fl

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Selecting the right assisted living places in Naples, FL, can be a significant step towards ensuring a safe, comfortable, and fulfilling lifestyle for your loved one as they age. This guide aims to help you understand the essential aspects to consider when helping your loved one transition into an assisted living community, ensuring they age in place safely and happily.
Understanding Assisted Living Facilities
Assisted living provides a balanced approach to senior care, offering assistance with daily activities while promoting independence. Communities in Naples, FL, vary widely in services, amenities, and environments. Understanding what each community offers in terms of medical care, personal care, and lifestyle amenities is crucial. Visit multiple locations, ask questions, and ensure that the community you choose aligns with your loved one’s needs and preferences.
Safety and Accessibility Features
Safety and accessibility should be top priorities when choosing an assisted living community. Look for features such as grab bars in bathrooms, emergency call systems, well-lit and clear pathways, and community team members trained in fall prevention and emergency response. Communities in Naples should also be equipped to handle the unique needs of the elderly, including those with mobility challenges or cognitive impairments.
Engagement and Socialization
Social engagement is vital for the well-being of elderly individuals, contributing to their emotional and mental health. Explore the social, recreational, and educational activities offered by assisted living places in Naples, FL. Ensure there are varied programs that match your loved one’s interests and social preferences, fostering a sense of community and belonging.
Personalized Care Plans
Each individual’s needs are unique, and assisted living communities should offer personalized care plans that cater to these specific requirements. Discuss the level of care needed with the community team members, including medication management, personal hygiene assistance, and mobility support. A good community will work with you and your loved one to create a care plan that adapts to their changing needs over time.
Nutrition and Meal Plans
Proper nutrition is fundamental for the elderly, impacting their health, energy levels, and quality of life. Investigate the meal plans and dietary accommodations provided by assisted living communities in Naples. Check if the meals are nutritious, varied, and cater to specific dietary restrictions or preferences. Dining should also be a social time, so observe the dining environment to ensure it is welcoming and conducive to interaction.
Family Involvement and Communication
Family involvement is crucial in the transition to assisted living. Choose a community that encourages family participation and offers open, transparent communication about your loved one’s care and well-being. Regular updates, family meetings, and visiting policies should be part of the community’s approach to ensure that you remain connected and involved in your loved one’s life.
Making the Transition
Transitioning to an assisted living community can be challenging for both the elderly individual and their family. Support your loved one through this change by being present, listening to their concerns, and encouraging them to engage with the new community. Help personalize their living space with familiar items from home to make it more comfortable and reassuring.
When considering assisted living places in Naples, FL, focus on safety, personalized care, socialization opportunities, nutritional needs, and family involvement. By addressing these key factors, you can help your loved one transition to and thrive in an environment that supports safe aging in place.


title: Reaching a Greater Online Audience

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Reaching a Greater Online Audience
The possibility to reach a larger audience is one of the main benefits of selling a used vehicle online. Traditionally, vendors in conventional selling techniques are usually confined to local purchasers or designated locations. Online markets, however, let vendors interact with possible customers all throughout the nation, therefore increasing the possibility of the correct buyer being found. Faster sales may also result from this wider exposure as the truck listing is exposed to more interested people who are actively seeking to buy and sell vehicles.
Control over Negotiations and Pricing
Online used truck sales provide sellers greater influence over the price and negotiating process. Selling straight via an internet platform lets sellers establish their pricing depending on the market worth of the vehicle, unlike conventional approaches wherein dealers or intermediaries could have impact on prices. Direct discussions between vendors and probable consumers also help to guarantee that the best possible bargain is obtained free from third party intervention. This adaptability is very essential to make sellers happy with the price they get and confident about the transaction.
Simplifying the Selling System
Offering a used vehicle online streamlines and expedites the whole procedure. Many internet sites have easy-to-use layouts where vendors may quickly post information and pictures of their vehicles, therefore enabling purchasers to access all the required data in one location. One main benefit of internet sales is the ease of handling the whole selling process from the comfort of home, free from visiting many dealerships or meeting many customers. This effectiveness saves time and effort, therefore smoothes out the experience for vendors.
Online transactions: openness and trust
Transparency and security of online transactions are shared by vendors as a regular issue. Still, most respectable sites for used vehicle sales provide a safe space for vendors as well as consumers. To guarantee that purchases are reliable, these sites may incorporate user reviews, ratings, and confirmed listings. Using a trustworthy online platform helps sellers to be confident their vehicle sale is hassle-free, honest, and secure. For people wishing to sell used vehicles, this degree of security helps establish confidence between buyers and sellers, hence internet transactions are a trustworthy choice.
The Rising Market for Older Trucks
Especially among companies and people searching for affordable options, the demand for old vehicles is rising. Because they provide the same utility and durability as new vehicles but at a much lesser cost, many purchasers choose secondhand trucks. Choosing to sell used truck online allows sellers to leverage this expanding market of budget-conscious consumers actively seeking dependable and reasonably priced transportation choices. This demand guarantees that secondhand trucks remain important assets available in the market.
Convenience for Salesmen and Buyers alike
Online sites help customers searching for certain vehicle models or offers as well as vendors. Before deciding, buyers value the ease of exploring many listings from the comfort of their homes, pricing comparisons, and review reading. This degree of ease appeals to more consumers on internet sites, therefore raising the possibility of a good transaction. This allows sellers to maximize their chances by making sure their listings are aesthetically pleasing, clear, and instructive, thereby facilitating the search for precisely what prospective buyers are searching for.
Selecting a Platform for Truck Sales
Selecting the proper platform is crucial when trying to sell a used vehicle online. Choosing a site that specialized in truck sales will make a big impact as not all sites have the same tools or reach. Platforms devoted to buy and sell trucks provide higher visibility and appeal to a certain market more inclined to buy. These sites also usually have tools meant to let sellers produce appealing listings and provide price advice based on market trends, therefore guaranteeing a seamless and successful transaction.
Advice for a Great Online Truck Sale
Following a few basic guidelines can help sellers guarantee a good vehicle sale. First, a complete description of the truck’s condition, characteristics, and history along with high-quality pictures of it should form a comprehensive and honest listing. Giving as much information as feasible up front helps draw in serious consumers and lessens the need for back-and- forth correspondence. Second, quick response to buyer questions and flexible negotiating will assist to hasten the sales process. At last, determining a competitive price based on the worth and condition of the vehicle will raise the possibility of a fast sale.
Thanks to internet sites, selling a vehicle has gotten simpler and more effective. Choosing to sell a used vehicle online can help sellers gain from a more extensive audience, improved price control, and simplified selling experience. For people who would want more knowledge on selling your truck, motorfit.com.au provides a complete platform to help with effective purchasing and selling of vehicles. Using internet tools and resources can assist to guarantee a seamless transaction, thereby enabling sellers as well as buyers to gain from the simplicity and openness of the process.


title: 23

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The 2014 Upper Peninsula Interdisciplinary Student Research Conference (UPISRC) was organized to showcase and publicize the research being done by local students in human and behavioral sciences. This event was developed to organize a conference involving student research in: psychology, human factors, education, human effectiveness, human-centered design, social science, kinesiology, and other related fields. This year 30 students submitted abstracts, and many of the authors presented on their research at the conference for the first time. Presenters came from several departments across both MTU and NMU.
Each student gave an oral presentation for fifteen minutes in addition to a poster presentation on their research topic. The School of Business and Economics had one student participate in the UPISRC. Haley Florinki is a senior Marketing major and she presented on Assessing the Effect of a Salesperson’s Customer Service Duration Up-selling and Cross-Selling.
The abstract for her research is presented below:
The purpose of this research project is to empirically test how a salesperson’s time spent with the customers impact on their purchasing decision. More specifically this project focuses on the duration of a salesperson’s customer service and its effects on up-selling and cross-selling. Up-selling takes place when a salesperson attempts to sell a similar but better quality product than the first product exposed to a customer. Cross-selling happens when complimentary products adding to the main product that customer initially looks for creates extra customer value. Regarding the research method, this project used observation research to capture important independent variables (Time spent with customers, and product display method) and dependent variables (Whether or not the sale was made, and sales results – up selling & cross-selling). Responses from shoppers in a large local mall were recorded into the IBM-SPSS software. The questionnaire was designed for the associate to be able to interact with a customer and complete the questionnaire afterwards. The expected outcome was that the amount of time spent with a customer would increase the likelihood of up-selling and/or cross-selling. The results from the Chi-square test greatly supported the evidence that the time spent with the salesperson had a positive impact on sales. I specifically found that while a salesperson’s short time spent with customer (less than 30 sec) increased the likelihood of up-selling, her long time spent with customers (more than 90 sec) promoted that of cross-selling.


title: Howdy all

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I'm still terribly busy with the house, yard, and ridiculously large vegetable garden. (Me to self, passing the plant display at Lowe's: "you already have 31 tomato plants. You do not need another tomato plant!")
The shed is painted, and various other projects were finished. And then it was on to getting chipped wood from tree companies to 1) spread around the garden paths and 2) use to kill grass and weeds. I finally got this pile moved, but there'll be more coming later this year.
I planted my vegetable garden and annual flowers that I grew from seed indoors, and I replaced what perennials didn't survive the sub-zero week we had last winter. I weed around the whole place twice a week. When I take a breath and stand back and look, I realize how much I've accomplished in a year. But mostly, I don't have time to stop to admire; I simply put my head down and work. Hot weather is coming soon, and I won't be able to take six-hour work days out there when it's hot. By July, I'll be preserving the bounty of the veg garden.
At least I hope it's a bounty!
I moved back to where I grew up in large part to be around the people in my family who are getting older, wanting to spend time with them while I still could. The last remaining person of my maternal grandparents' generation just broke her hip--and that often leads to pneumonia and the end, particularly at the age she is. We had just had a wonderful lunch together last month, and I was able to give her a copy of my large print paperback of Storm that I had done in large part for her. I quizzed her about the old days and my great-grandparents, and she had wonderful tales to tell. I do love stories of days gone by.
That's it! I wanted y'all to know what I've been up to and that I'm still in the land of the living. And come autumn, I'll be in the land of the writing again.


title: Miguel camarena desert landscape collection

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For this desert painting collection, prepare yourself to be captivated by the stunning sight of the Sonoran desert through the eyes of Miguel Camarena.
As you explore this collection, you’ll discover the majesty of nature and how beautifully brushed down it is on a canvas.
As you walk into the Miguel Camarena Art Gallery, you’ll be awe-struck by the inspiring landscaping display of saguaro cacti, exotic wildflowers, and vibrant sun rays.
Desert Painting: To Another Level!
Be prepared to be fascinated by the Sonoran-painted desert that reveals the mystery and magnificence of this desert oasis.
You'll notice the brilliant hues, towering saguaro cactus, wide vistas, and hypnotic interplay of light and shadow as you gaze over these masterpieces.
Step into the Sonoran Desert through the eyes of exceptional painter Miguel Camarena and allow his brushstrokes to transport you to a world where nature's majesty reigns supreme.
About The Sonoran Desert In Sedona, Arizona
As we all know, the Sonoran Desert is an astonishing miracle of nature, with breathtaking landscapes, wildlife, and plants. With its unpredictable climate and unique geology, the Sonoran Desert near Cave Creek is home to nature’s unexplained wonders.
It is also home to tall saguaro cacti, which play an essential role in shading the hot desert. The desert is full of wildflowers that bring a burst of color to the plain landscape and add charm to its beauty.
What Is A Saguaro Cactus? What’s So Special About Them?
The saguaro cactus, also known as Carnegiea gigantea, is a well-known symbol of the Sonoran Desert.
As you browse through these gorgeous paintings of desert landscapes, you'll see saguaro cacti in almost every desert landscape painting because the Sonoran Desert is incomplete without them.
These cacti are well known for their tall demeanor, columnar trunks, and upward-curving arms, which develop as they grow old. The lives of these plants can last up to 150 years. Shocking, right?
Furthermore, saguaro cacti hold significant cultural values of resilience, stability, longevity, and representation of local communities.
A Symphony Of Light And Shadows
You must’ve already noticed that all these paintings display natural light, and saguaro cacti are providing shade to the desert in Scottsdale.
Miguel Camarena purposely depicted the interplay between sunlight and shade. The strong, vibrant sun rays portrayed in the desert provide shelter for the land.
Mystery Of Colors
We can never talk about the Sonoran Desert painting without admiring the vivid colors, shades, and textures. Starting from the rich orangey-yellowish sun rays to fresh greenish flowers, these desert paintings offer a lively color palette.
Miguel Camarena made sure to utilize and fill his paintings with every possible detail that shows the exact demeanor of the desert.
With a perfect blend of orange, green, yellow, magenta, brown, red, purple, indigo, and many more, he has put life into his paintings.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do people opt for desert landscape painting in their homes?
Who doesn’t love spending time in nature, and what’s better than having a sense of nature hanging right in front of you? A painted desert landscape brings tranquility, natural beauty, and serenity.
Are these paintings original?
All paintings are exclusively originally painted by Miguel Camarena and are available to you as high-quality giclee prints on canvas. If you are interested in an original painting, please contact us.
Can I customize the canvas size of an acrylic or abstract painting according to my requirements?
Absolutely! Our top priority is to meet your requirements and make sure that you find the right size for your wall. All canvas sizes can be customized to meet your specific requirements.
Can I get some changes made to the painting?
Reach out to us and let us know what you have in mind, we can usually accommodate most changes!
Artistic Tribute To Wanderlust
Picture this: Miguel Camarena has spent a big part of his life painting nature and exploring its beauty. This collection of desert paintings serves as a tribute to nature's spirit of adventure and exploration.
Each desert sunset painting will remind you to be grateful and thankful for life and serve your purpose of living.
If you appreciate Miguel Camarena’s artwork, then we welcome you to take one or many masterpieces home. We assure you that it’ll simply elevate your living space and add a unique character to your home.


title: Ramsey and district cottage hospital isle of man

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Department provides cross cutting functions which support the wider operations of the archdiocese. These include human resources, safeguarding, governance, legal services, IT and communications.
Our Communications & IT department enable us to tell the story of what Jesus is doing through His Church in the Archdiocese of Liverpool.
We provide general advice to priests and parishes regarding sacraments and legal/canon law issues, including marriages and annulments.
The Education Department ensure the delivery of quality Catholic education in our schools, academies and colleges.
The Finance Department oversee our finances, property and surveying, cemeteries and administration and parish centre management.
The HR team exists to support priests, line managers and staff throughout the employment lifecycle.
Our archdiocesan solicitor and compliance officer supports the archdiocese on a range of legal and statutory compliance matters.
The Pastoral Development Department works alongside the local Church to resource and support its mission.
The Safeguarding Department is responsible for the implementation of national safeguarding policy and procedures within the archdiocese.
The Vocations team exist to support you throughout your vocation journey.
Our commissions advise the archdiocese help us to make important decisions on key issues.
Our chalpaincies provide pastoral care for hospitals, prisons, schools and universities.
The Vicariate for Clergy exists to provide for the care of priests.
Our Schools Singing Programme currently works with over 1,250 children in our Catholic schools every week!
If there is anything wrong with this data, please let us know and we'll see that it is corrected.
If you're looking for somewhere or someone else, our directory should have everything you need.